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GS-I : Modern History Modern India

17 July, 2021
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Indian National Congress - Foundation and the Moderate Phase

Indian National Congress

- Foundation and the Moderate Phase

Foundation of Indian National Congress

First session held in 1885 (Bombay).
Indian National Union, formed by A.O. Hume, became Indian National Congress.
Foundational theories of INC and prominent believers:

Safety Valve Theory —Lala Lajpat Rai
Conspiracy Theory—R.P. Dutt
Lightning conductor Theory—G.K. Gokhale

Important leaders of Moderate Phase: Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, P.Ananda Charlu, Surendranath Banerjea, Romesh Chandra Dutt, Ananda Mohan Bose, G.K. Gokhale, etc.

Early Nationalist Methodology

Constitutional agitation within four walls of law
Create public opinion in India and campaign for support to Indian demands in England
Political education of people
Political connections with Britain in India’s interests at that stage
Time not ripe for direct challenge to colonial rule

Contributions of Moderate Nationalists

Economic critique of British imperialism
Constitutional reforms and propaganda in legislature
Campaign for general administrative reforms
Defence of civil rights

Source: Spectrum

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