Explanation: C. After consolidating his power, Balban assumed the grand title of Zil-i-Illahi (shadow of god). It was influenced by the Persian court model. Tute-i-Hind is referred to Amir Khusrou. Din-i-illahi was a syncretic religion propounded by the Mughal emperor Akbar. Kaisr-i-Hind title was given to Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Explanation: B. Mir Bakshi was the head of Military and Intelligence department. Diwan refers to a Ministry or Department, but under Mughal it meant specifically the financial or revenue Ministry. Mir Saman was official in Charge of the household stores, the workshop for producing goods for the places and the arsenals.

In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?

Explanation: C. Chisti order was founded in Chist, a small town near Heart, Afghanistan about 930 C.E. It was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami. The most famous of Chisti saints is Moinuddin Chisti popularly Known as 'Gharib Nawaz' meaning benefactor of the poor.

Explanation: D. Abul Fazl was the medieval Indian writer of Akbar's court who refers to the discovery of America. He called it as Alumnau. Malik Muhammad Jayasi wrote Padmavat. Amir Khusrau a great poet writer and musician wrote Tughlaqnama, Nuh siphir and invented Tabla.

Explanation: A. 465+78+601. To convert Badami rock inscription as per Vikrama Samvat, the year would be 601 because 78 AD is the starting year of saka era and 58 BC is starting year of Vikrama Samvat.

Explanation: D. Sumant looked after foreign affairs. Pandit Rao looked for religious matters. Sachiv was the minister in charge of royal correspondence. Peshwa is for general administration of the empire.

Explanation: D. Shah Jahan qandhar Qandhar in 1638 from the Iranians but lost it again in 1649 despite three campaigns. The loss of qandhahar was a big blow as it was a strategic stronghold.

Explanation: C. Fawazil was balance between the income and expenditure of Iqta-holders.

Explanation: C. Feroz shah Tughlaq was reputed to have built the biggest network of canals in India during Sultanate period. Some of the canals he built were: Sirsa to Hansi, Sutluj to Yamuna and Dipalpur to Sirmaur. Iltutmish is famous for establishing Chalisa. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded Tughlaqbad. Sikander Lodhi founded Agra.

Explanation: A. Iqta is that part of land granted by the Sultan to its military chiefs for maintenance of troopers. The land was taken back when the Iqtadars were not in a position to maintain the army.

Explanation: C. R is incorrect as this expedition failed miserably. Shah- Jahan Balkh Baddakhshan campaign was a failure. The Mughal taking advantage of the political turmoil and divisions in central Asia decided to attack central Asia. In 1645 a Mughal army under Asalat khan was sent North to occupy Badakhshan. But the campaign was not successful. The main reason for that was huge difference in resources between the two empires as well as difficult terrain.

1. offered their services singly.
2. did not attach themselves to any chief.
3. had the emperor as their immediate colonel.
4. attached themselves to Mirzas

Of these statements :

Explanation: A. Ahadis were the serf troopers, who were recruited individually and were under the command of separate mansabdar or officer and had a diwan and a bakshi of their own capacity.

1. Tughlaquabad Fort.
2. Lodi Garden
3. Qutub Minar
4. Fatehpur Sikri

The correct chronological order in which they were built is:

Explanation: B. Qutub Minar (1193-1320 A.D.); Tughlaqbad Fort (1414-1451 A,D.); Lodi Garden (1451-1526 A.D.); Fatehpur Sikri (1569 A.D.).

Explanation: B. The Battle of Haldighati was fought between the Mughal Empire and the forces of Mewar on June 21, 1576 at Haldighati in Rajasthan, India. It was a decisive victory for the Mughal Emperor Jalal- ud-din Muhammad Akbar

Explanation: D. The shaded part represents Akbar's territory at the time of his death in 1605. A stands for Gondwana an independent country while B marks the city of Lahore.

Explanation: D. Sumant looked after foreign affairs. Pandit Rao looked for religious matters. Sachiv was the minister in charge of royal correspondence. Peshwa is for general administration of the empire.

Explanation: D. Shah Jahan qandhar Qandhar in 1638 from the Iranians but lost it again in 1649 despite three campaigns. The loss of qandhahar was a big blow as it was a strategic stronghold.

Explanation: C. Fawazil was balance between the income and expenditure of Iqta-holders.

Explanation: C. Feroz shah Tughlaq was reputed to have built the biggest network of canals in India during Sultanate period. Some of the canals he built were: Sirsa to Hansi, Sutluj to Yamuna and Dipalpur to Sirmaur. Iltutmish is famous for establishing Chalisa. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded Tughlaqbad. Sikander Lodhi founded Agra.

Explanation: A. Iqta is that part of land granted by the Sultan to its military chiefs for maintenance of troopers. The land was taken back when the Iqtadars were not in a position to maintain the army.

Explanation: C. R is incorrect as this expedition failed miserably. Shah- Jahan Balkh Baddakhshan campaign was a failure. The Mughal taking advantage of the political turmoil and divisions in central Asia decided to attack central Asia. In 1645 a Mughal army under Asalat khan was sent North to occupy Badakhshan. But the campaign was not successful. The main reason for that was huge difference in resources between the two empires as well as difficult terrain.

1. offered their services singly.
2. did not attach themselves to any chief.
3. had the emperor as their immediate colonel
4. attached themselves to Mirzas

Of these statements :

Explanation: A. Ahadis were the serf troopers, who were recruited individually and were under the command of separate mansabdar or officer and had a diwan and a bakshi of their own capacity.

1. Tughlaquabad Fort.
2. Lodi Garden.
3. Qutub Minar
4. Fatehpur Sikri

The correct chronological order in which they were built is:

Explanation: B. Qutub Minar (1193-1320 A.D.); Tughlaqbad Fort (1414-1451 A,D.); Lodi Garden (1451-1526 A.D.); Fatehpur Sikri (1569 A.D.).

Explanation: B. The Battle of Haldighati was fought between the Mughal Empire and the forces of Mewar on June 21, 1576 at Haldighati in Rajasthan, India. It was a decisive victory for the Mughal Emperor Jalal- ud-din Muhammad Akbar's general Raja Man Singh against the Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar. Akbar was 14 years old when he was crowned at Kalanaur in 1556.

Explanation: D. The shaded part represents Akbar's territory at the time of his death in 1605. A stands for Gondwana an independent country while B marks the city of Lahore.

Explanation: A. Lingaraja Temple was constructed by Yayati Kesari, ruler of Orissa. It is located in Bhubaneshwar.

1. A. Namdev 1. Barber
2. B. Kabir 2. Weaver
3. C. Ravidas 3. Tailor
4. D. Sena 4. Cobbler

Codes:

Explanation: B. A

Explanation: C. Mongols under Chengiz Khan (died in 1227) invaded India during the reign of Iltutmish (1211-36), but did not enter deep in India as Iltutmish refused to give shelter to the Persian king, Khwarizm Shah, whom Chengiz Khan was chasing.

Explanation: D. Surat was called Gate of Makka because the pilgrimage to Makka started from Surat.

Explanation: A. Dewan-i-Bandagani (Department of Slaves) was constituted by Firoz Tughlaq; Dewan-i-Mustakhraj (Dept of Arrears)

Explanation: A. Battle of Khanua (1527, Rana Sanga was defeated by Babar); First Battle of Panipat (1526, Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated by Babur). Rana Sangha once defeated Ibrahim Lodhi so R explains A.

Explanation: C. A is correct as Akbar marched towards Afghanistan in 1581 to conquer Kabul to expand his kingdom. R is incorrect as he had no intention to reclaim his ancestral country of Ferghana.

Explanation: C. Shah Alam II spent the initial years as an emperor away from his capital due to the fear of Najib Khan Rohilla who became very powerful in Delhi and not due to foreign invasions.

Explanation: C. He assumed the royal title not to save the kingdom but due to his greed for power.

Explanation: C. Marathas never had the concept of a United Indian Nation. They are generally criticized for this reason

Explanation: A. Alam Khan along with Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babur to India. In the first battle of Panipat in 1526, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur.

Explanation: C. The battle of Dharmat was fought between Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh in 1658 for Shahjahan's throne. Dara Shikoh was defeated by Aurangzeb.

Explanation: C. He was defeated by his nephew, Farrukh Siyyar with the help of Sayyid Brothers

1. Kitab-i-Nauras, a collection of songs in praise of Hindu deities and Muslim saints, was written by Ibrahim Adil Shah II
2. Amir Khusrau was the originator in India of the early from of the musical style known as Qawali

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Ibrahim Adil Shah II was ruler of Bijapur and wrote Kitab-i-Nauras. Amir Khusrau is popularly known as 'Father of Qawali' in India.

Explanation: D. Qutbud-din Aibak died after a fall from his horse while playing chaugan (polo) in 1210. He was succeeded by Aram Shah. Qutbud-din Aibak was the founder of first independent Turkish kingdom in Northern India in 1206.

Explanation: A. The correct chronological order is Shankaracharya (9th Century CE) - Ramanuja (1017- 1137 CE) - Chaitanya (1486-1533 CE)

1. Narasimha Saluva ended the Sangama dynasty and seized the throne for himself and started the Saluva dynasty.
2. Vira Narasimha deposed the last Saluva ruler and seized the throne for himself.
3. Vira Narasimha was succeeded by his younger brother, Krishnadeva Raya.
4. Krishnadeva Raya was succeeded by his half brother, Achyuta Raya.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Explanation: D. Sangama dynasty was founded by Harihara-I. Saluva dynasty was founded by Narasimha Saluva by defeating Dev Rayua-II of Sangama dynasty. Taluva dynasty was founded by Vira Narasimha and was succeeded by KD Raya and Achyuta Raya.

Explanation: C. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded Tughlaq dynasty in 1320 AD (CE). Nasiruddin Mahmud was the last ruler of Tughlaq dynasty (1395-1412 AD).

Explanation: A. Ahmadnagar was founded by Malik Ahmad of Nizam Shahi dynasty in 1490. It was annexed by Shahjahan in 1633 into the Mughal Empire.

1. Banda Bahadur was appointed as the military leader of the Sikhs by Guru Tegh Bahadur.
2. Guru Arjun Dev became the Sikh Guru after Guru Ram Das.
3. Guru Arjun Dev gave to Sikhs their own script Guru Mukhi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: B. Banda Bahadur was appointed as the military leader of the Sikhs by Guru Gobind Singh and not Guru Tegh Bahadur.

Explanation: B. Angkorvat temple is the first Hindu temple, dedicated to the god Vishnu. Buddhist temple was built during the reign of Suryavarman II. It is the world's largest religious building.

Explanation: D. Indigenous chieftains from Karnataka rose to become the founders of a dynasty after a series of internal bickerings with other local chieftains. Vijaya and Krishna, two brothers were responsible for the establishment of this small feudatory state of Vijayanagara Empire. Vijaya ascended the throne under the assumed name of Yaduraja in 1399 A.D. To begin with, this was a very small state containing only parts of Mysore district. Mysore was the capital city.

Explanation: D. In 1612 Sir Thomas Roe visited to Mughal Emperor Jahangir to arrange for a commercial treaty that would give the company exclusive rights to reside and build factories in Surat and other areas. In return, the company offered to provide the Emperor with goods and rarities from the European market. Jahangir accepted the proposal and the company created trading posts in Surat (where a factory was built in 1613), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690).

Explanation: C. A is correct but R is wrong as he issued bronze coins as the token currency which was a great fiasco.

Explanation: C. Bahlol (1451

Explanation: C. Best answer is c as Tukaram (1608

Explanation: B. Abdul Hamid Lahori (d. 1654) was a traveler during the period of Shahjahan who later became a court historian of Shahjahan. He wrote the book Padshah Nama also referred as Badshah nama, about the reign of Shahjahan.

Explanation: C. Vijaya Vittala temple is located at Hampi, the capital of Vijayanagar kingdom during the reign of Krishnadev Raya.

Explanation: B. William Hawkins visited the court of Jahangir and received a farman which allowed East India Company to set up their first factory at Surat in 1613.

Explanation: C. Oldest temple in Hampi (Pattadkal) located on southern bank of river Tungabhadra. It is now a World Heritage site. It was built by Lokamahadevi, the Queen of Vikaramaditya II (A.D.733-745) in about A.D.740 to commemorate her husband

1. A. Vidyashankara temple 1. Andhra Pradesh
2. B. Rajarani temple 2. Karnataka
3. C. Kandariya Mahadeo temple 3. Madhya Pradesh
4. D. Bhimesvara temple 4. Orissa

Code:

Explanation: A. Bhimeshwar (Kakinada); Kandariya Mahadeo (Khajuraho); Rajarani temple (Bhubneshvar); Vidyashankara Temple (Sringeri).

Explanation: B. James-I William Hawkins sent to the court of Jahangir and Jahangir provided the farman which allowed East India Co. to set up a factory at Surat in 1613.

Explanation: C. Ramananda (1360-1470) was the first Bhakti saint to use Hindi for the propagation of his message.

Explanation: D. Firoz Tughlaq set up a separate department of slaves known as 'Diwan-i-Bandagan'. Mohd Bin Tughlaq was succeeded by his cousin (not uncle) Firoz Tughlaq. Alauddin Khalji introduced the branding system of horses in his military.

Explanation: A. The motive behind Shah Jahan's Balkh and Badakshan campaign in central Asia was to secure the defence of North-West India. That's why the statement a is correct.

Explanation: A. Like Allauddin Khalji, Muhammad bin Tughlaq also tried to bring changes in the agrarian set up. Some historians point out that he made an over assessment because of which many peasants fled the region. But the states share remained half. A severe famine in this period worsened the situation. Muhammad bin Tughlaq tried to provide relief to those affected and made efforts to improve and extend cultivation. The sultan left Delhi and rendered in a camp called swargadwari near kanauj. He also set up a separate department called diwan-i amir-i kohi whose function was to extend cultivation by providing loans.

Explanation: C. Zia-ud-din-Barani was a contemporary of Muhammad Tughlaq and Firoz Tughlaq. He enjoyed the patronage of both the sultans. He composed Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi and Fatwa-i-Jahandari.

1. Sheikh Ahmad Sarhandi was a contemporary of Ibrahim Lodi
2. Sheikh Nasiruddin Chirag-I-Dehlavi was a disciple of Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya
3. Aurangzeb was a contemporary of Sheikh Salim Chisti
4. Qadiri order of Sufis was first introduced in India by Sheikh Niamutullah and Makhdum Muhammad Jilani

Which of these statements are correct?

Explanation: D. Sheikh Ahmad Sarhandi of Naqshbandi order was a contemporary of Akbar and Jahangir. The Qadiri order of Sufis was first introduced in India by Sheikh Nizamatullah (He died in 1430 AD) and Makhdum (or Nasiruddin) Muhammad Jilani (died in 1517).

Explanation: A. Nagarjuna was an early philosopher and was the founder of the Madhyamika philosophy.

1. Buddha was by that time considered as one of the incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part of Vaishnavism.
2. Invading tribes from Central Asia till the time of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and persecuted Buddhists.
3. Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly opposed to Buddhism.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: A. Buddha was considered 9th incarnation of Vishnu. No tribe from Central Asia persecuted Buddhists. Gupta dynasty did not oppose Buddhism. However, they did not give them patronage.

Explanation: D. Option D is the suitable answer in this case. The option C of this question is based upon the "Trade Secret" of India when its maritime trade history had just begun and has been narrated and documented by the Mediterranean writers. They have written that Indians had known the art of direct sailing between South India and the Coasts of South Africa, Arabia, but the Indian kept it as a Trade secret. It is very likely that the seafaring Indians took advantage of the monsoon winds in the navigation of the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, Strabo says, these people knew something which we (Greeks) don

Explanation: D. the reforms of Cornwallis had increased the litigation and the main reason for this was the Court Fee was removed and now everybody could drag anybody to courts. The extension to right of appeal was also one of the reasons. Court fees were abolished by Cornwallis. Lawyers were to prescribe their fees. Ordinary people could sue the Government servants (Indians) if they committed mistakes. Inhuman punishments such as cutting limbs, cutting nose and ears were abolished. These are some of the reasons that led to increased litigation. The reasons given in the options don

Explanation: A. The Quit India Movement was basically promoted a nonviolent and non-cooperative movement but it was not a nonviolent. There were various events in which Police station, Railway Stations, Railway Lines and Post Offices were burnt and destroyed.

1. Funds used to support the India office in London.
2. Funds used to pay salaries and pensions of British personnel engaged in India.
3. Funds used for waging wars outside India by the British.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: D. During the period of colonial rule in India, the drain of wealth took place through various forms, main among them were: Home Charges, Civil and Military charges, Interest on Foreign Capital Investments.

1. The administration did not suspend the land revenue collection in spite of a drought.
2. The administration proposed to introduce permanent settlement in Gujarat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: A. Option A is correct answer.

Explanation: A. On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. A O Hume assumed office as the General Secretary. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President. The additional British Members were William Wedderburn and Justice John Jardine. All others were the Hindus from Calcutta and Madras Presidency. Wedderburn had entered the parliament as a liberal member in 1893 and had sought to voice India

Explanation: B. The statement A is incorrect because from Ruskin

Explanation: A. Secret Radio was run by Usha Mehta.

1. Complete independence for India.
2. Joint electorates for reservation of seats for minorities.
3. Provision of fundamental rights for the people of India in the constitution.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: B. Complete Independence was not recommended by the Nehru Report.

Explanation: B. Arunachal Pradesh is considered to be the "nature's treasure trove" and home to orchids, known for their exquisitely beautiful blooms, from one of the dominant taxa with more than six hundred species, occurring in varying elevations and climatic conditional throughout the state.

1. Meditation and control of breath
2. Severe ascetic exercises in a lonely place
3. Recitation of holy songs to arouse a state of ecstasy in their audience

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: D. All statements are correct.

1. Dadu Dayal
2. Guru Nanak
3. Tyagaraja

Who among the above was/were preaching when the Lodi dynasty fell and Babur took over?

Explanation: B. Guru Nanak Dev was born in 1469. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526. When Babur took over and established the Mughal dynasty, Nanak was travelling to different parts of India and preaching Sikhism. Babur once met Guru Nanak during one of his travel.

Explanation: C. Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri was the hall in which Akbar held discussions with scholars of various religions on every Thursday to debate on religious issues raised by Akbar.

Explanation: B. In medieval India, the designations 'Mahattara' and 'Pattakila' were used for village headmen.

1. Champaka : Central India
2. Durgara : Jammu
3. Kuluta : Malabar

Which of the above pairs is / are correctly matched?

Explanation: B. States such as Champaka (Chamba), Durgara (Jammu), Trigarta (Jalandhar), Kuluta (Kulu), Kumaon and Garhwal managed to remain outside the main areas of conflict in the northern plains.

1. introduction of gunpowder in the subcontinent
2. introduction of the arch and dome in the region's architecture
3. establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation: B. In the fourteenth and fifteenth century gun powder was used for military purpose in India and even artillery in its rudimentary form was known. The Babur's first real expedition took place in India in 1519 when he captured Bhera. The Delhi Sultanate's greatest contribution to Indian fine arts was the introduction of Islamic architectural features, including true domes and arches, and the integration of Indian and Islamic styles of architecture. The Timurid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty. Members of the Timurid dynasty were strongly influenced by the Persian culture and had established two well-known empires in history, namely the Timurid Empire (1370-1507) in Persia and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire (1526-1857) in the Indian subcontinent.

Explanation: C. Vijayanagara or "city of victory" was the name of both a city and an empire. The empire was founded in the fourteenth century. In its heyday it stretched from the river Krishna in the north to the extreme south of the peninsula, (Krishna-Tungabhadra doab). It was founded by Harihara 1 and Bukka, in 1336.

Explanation: D. In India, Banjara people were transporters of goods from one place to another and the goods they transported included salt, grains, firewood and cattle.Thus, Banjaras were trader-nomads.

Explanation: D. In India, Banjara people were transporters of goods from one place to another and the goods they transported included salt, grains, firewood and cattle.Thus, Banjaras were trader-nomads.

Explanation: B. In 1837, British archeologist and historian James Prinsep decoded the edicts of emperor Ashoka. Prinsep's inscription proved to be a series of edicts issued by a king calling himself "Beloved-of-the- Gods, King Piyadasi."

1. The concept of Bodhisattva is central to Hinayana sect of Buddhism.
2. Bodhisattva is a compassionate one on his way to enlightenment.
3. Bodhisattva delays achieving his own salvation to help all sentient beings on their path to it.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: B. The concept of Bodhisattva is central to the Mahayana doctrines of Buddhism. The term 'bodhisattva' literally means 'one who has enlightenment as his/her essence'. A bodhisattva is a being who is destined for enlightenment rather than one who has gained it already. A bodhisattva is also normally thought of as consciously working towards enlightenment: you can

1. Both were built in the same period.
2. Both belong to the same religious denomination.
3. Both have rock-cut monuments.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation: B. First and second statements are wrong because Ajanta (Buddhist caves) was built from 2nd Century BCE to 5th Century CE, while Mahabalipuram (Hindu temple) was built during 7-8th Centuries by Pallava Kings. Third statement is correct- both are rock cut monuments.

Explanation: C. The Persian wheel is a mechanical water lifting device operated usually by draught animals like bullocks, buffaloes or camels. It is used to lift water from water sources typically open wells. In Sanskrit the word Araghatta has been used in the ancient texts to describe the Persian Wheel. The 'ara-ghatta' comes from the combination of the words 'ara' meaning spoke and 'ghatta' meaning pot.

Explanation: D. The Maagadha and the suutas were associated with memorizing of chronicles, dynastic histories and Epic tales.

1. Bodhgaya : Baghelkhand
2. Khajuraho :Bundelkhand
3. Shirdi : Vidarbha
4. Tirupati :Rayalaseema

Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Explanation: C. Khajuraho is located in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Tirupati is located in Rayalaseema region.

1. Siddhas (Sittars) of Tamil region were monotheistic and condemned idolatry.
2. Lingayats of Kannada region questioned the theory of rebirth and rejected the caste hierarchy.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Siddhas means the refined monotheistic creed existed. Sittar implies an expert in occultism, alchemy and so on with magic or superstitious powers. The lingayats believed that on death the devotee will be reunited with Shiva and not return to this world. Therefore instead of cremating the body, they ceremonially bury their dead. They criticised the caste system and questioned belief in the theory of rebirth. Certain practices were encouraged by the lingayats such as post-puberty marriages and widow remarriage. Knowledge of the Virashaiva tradition has been derived from vachanas (sayings) composed in Kannada by those who had joined.

1. The tax rate on land was fixed depending on the quality of the land.
2. Private owners of workshops paid an industries tax

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: C. In reign of Krishna Deva, land revenue was the main source of income of the government. To assess the proper revenue entire land was classified into four parts: the wet land, the dry land, the orchards and the woods. The government also levied other taxes like the grazing tax, the customs duty, tax on gardening and industries taxes on manufacture of various articles.

1. Most of the Tyagaraja Kritis are devotional songs in praise of Lord Krishna
2. Tyagaraja created several new ragas.
3. Annamacharya and Tyagaraja are contemporaries.
4. Annamacharya kirtanas are devotional songs in praise of Lord Venkateshwara

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Explanation: B. Annamacharya belonged to 15th century. So, Annamacharya and Tyagaraja (born in 1767) can't be contemporaries.

Explanation: B. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier: was a French traveler who visited India between 1640 and 1667. Being a diamond merchant, he was particularly interested in diamonds and visited various diamond mines in India, especially those of the Deccan.

1. Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection.
2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and revenue rights of Zamindars were not hereditary.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation: D. In Mughal India, Jagirdars under Mansabdari system were assigned land in lieu of assigned duties towards the empire such as police, judicial, military; Zamindars too apart from revenue collecting duties had to render military duties and perform Khidmat such as rendering soldiers to fill the ranks of royal army at times of need and offer gifts at the royal court. Jagirdars were frequently transferred as promotion and demotion was a regular part of empire as loyalties towards Emperor were largely dependent on the rank of jagir/mansab held by a Noble; on the other hand, Zamindars had hereditary rights over revenue as their sway over rural society was overarching in all aspects which rested on paternal and patronage application of rituals.

1. In the revenue administration of Delhi Sultanate, the in-charge of revenue collection was known as 'Amil'.
2. The lqta system of Sultans of Delhi was an ancient indigenous institution.
3. The office of 'Mir Bakshi' came into existence during the reign of Khalji Sultans of Delhi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: A. In the Delhi Sultanate, the task of collecting revenue directly from peasant and measurement of land rested on Amils. Iqta system evolved in West Asia significantly in Persia Mir Bhakshi was the head of militiary department in Mughal India whereas in Delhi Sultanate, Ariz under Diwan-i-arz (set up by Balban) was improved by Alauddin Khalji as he introduced Dagh system which was aimed to improve Horse quality as well as eliminate fake numbering.

1. Saint Nimbarka was a contemporary of Akbar.
2. Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: D. Nimbarka was a 13th century philosphical Saint whereas Akbar's time period was 1556- 1605; Saint Kabir was 15th century poet whereas Sirhindi was in 17th century.

Explanation: C. Tansen was the title given by Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior. Tansen was a court musician in the darbar of Raja Ramachandra of Bandavagarh (Rewa).

Explanation: C. During Akbar's reign many manuscripts were illustrated, the prominent being Razmnamah, the Persian translation of Mahabharata. It was during Jahangir's reign that manuscripts became less important and individual portraits became more prominent.