Explanation: D. Pituitary gland controls the secretary activity of Thyroid, Adrenals, Gonads and many other glands by secreting tropic hormones. The Parathyroid gland controlled by the Calcium levels of the blood. That

1. Blood
2. Lungs
3. Tissue

The correct sequence of transportation is

Explanation: C. Oxygen transportation in a human body takesplace in the sequence of Lungs

Explanation: B. Characteristic odour of onion and Garlic is due to sulphur compounds Allyl propyl disulphide and Diallyl disulphide respectively.

Explanation: B. Eugenol is the active component of oil of clove.

Explanation: C. The increased levels of DDT

Explanation: C. Mustard gas was first chemical weapon used in First world war by Germany at the battle of Ypres (Belgium).

Explanation: C. Alpha-keratin, a secondary structural protein is present in 'wool and hair' while Beta-Keratin in 'nail and hoof'.

Explanation: C. After the pollination of Ovary, fruit develops gradually from it. Stem of Tree develops to wood. Seed develops from fertilized ovule. Leaf produces Starch at the time of Photosynthesis.

Explanation: C. Starch and cellulose both are plant origin. Starch deposits in plant cells, whereas cellulose is most important constituent of plant cell wall. Both starch and cellulose are polymers. Starch is branched polymer of alpha-D-glucose unit linked by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bond. Cellulose is a polymer of beta-D-glucose unit. Glucose molecules are present in both starch and cellulose. Amylose in starch is responsible for the formation of deep blue colour in the presence of iodine but cellulose does not give any colour at the treatment with iodine, because amylase is absent in cellulose.

Explanation: A. Ergotism is the effect of long term ergot poisoning, due to ingestion of alkaloids produced by fungus Claviceps purpurea which is found in infected cereals and ryes.

1. Processed meat is a perishable food.
2. All perishable foods are packed in sealed tins.
3. Sealed tins sometimes do not contain processed meat.

Which one of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements?

Explanation: C. We can draw the inference that processed meat is always packed in sealed tins.

Explanation: D. Bacteria, micro algae and fungi is most widely used in industries. Bacteria like Lactobacillus sp. Is used in manufacturing of vinegar and alcohol by fermentation process.

1. A. Theory of Mutation 1. Beadle and Tatum
2. B. Theory of Evolution 2. Jacob and Monod
3. C. One gene one enzyme hypothesis 3. Darwin
4. D. Operon concept 4. De Vries

Codes:

Explanation: B. Theory of Mutation is postulated by de vries. Theory of evolution is by Charl's Darwin. Operon concept is given by Jacob and Monad. One gene and one enzyme hypothesis proposed by Beadle and Tautum.

Explanation: B. Dodo bird species existed only on the island of Mauritius. Due to its short wings and bulky body the Dodo birds could not fly or flee in the face of danger. So human used to kill them for food. Later the species became extinct from Mauritius. This bird species was helpful in pollinating and propagating seed of trees.

Explanation: A. The complete conversion of glucose in presence of oxygen, into carbon dioxide, water and release energy is called aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration, occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Explanation: A. Polyunsaturated fatty acid is an anti oxidant, which helps in building of tissues.

1. A. Malaria 1.Fungi
2. Poliomyelitis 2. Bacteria
3. Tuberculosis 3. Virus
4. D. Ringworm 4. Protozoan

Codes:

Explanation: A. Malaria parasite is an protozoan. Tuberculosis is a bacteria. Ring worm is a fungus and poliomyelitis is a virus.

Explanation: D. Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder. Clotting of blood is abnormally delayed that even a simple or small cut will result non stop b leeding in affected individual.

1. A. Fruit 1. Ovule
2. B. Seed 2. Leaf
3. C. Wood 3. Stem
4. D. Starch 4. Ovary

Codes:

Explanation: C. After the pollination of Ovary, fruit develops gradually from it. Stem of Tree develops to wood. Seed develops from fertilized ovule. Leaf produces Starch at the time of Photosynthesis.

Explanation: C. Starch and cellulose both are plant origin. Starch deposits in plant cells, whereas cellulose is most important constituent of plant cell wall. Both starch and cellulose are polymers. Starch is branched polymer of alpha-D-glucose unit linked by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bond. Cellulose is a polymer of beta-D-glucose unit. Glucose molecules are present in both starch and cellulose. Amylose in starch is responsible for the formation of deep blue colour in the presence of iodine but cellulose does not give any colour at the treatment with iodine, because amylase is absent in cellulose.

Explanation: A. Ergotism is the effect of long term ergot poisoning, due to ingestion of alkaloids produced by fungus Claviceps purpurea which is found in infected cereals and ryes.

1. Processed meat is a perishable food.
2. All perishable foods are packed in sealed tins.
3. Sealed tins sometimes do not contain processed meat.

Which one of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements?

Explanation: C. We can draw the inference that processed meat is always packed in sealed tins.

Explanation: D. Bacteria, micro algae and fungi is most widely used in industries. Bacteria like Lactobacillus sp. Is used in manufacturing of vinegar and alcohol by fermentation process.

1. A. Theory of Mutation 1. Beadle and Tatum
2. B. Theory of Evolution 2. Jacob and Monod
3. C. One gene one enzyme hypothesis 3. Darwin
4. D. Operon concept 4. De Vries

Codes:

Explanation: B. Theory of Mutation is postulated by de vries. Theory of evolution is by Charl's Darwin. Operon concept is given by Jacob and Monad. One gene and one enzyme hypothesis proposed by Beadle and Tautum.

Explanation: B. Dodo bird species existed only on the island of Mauritius. Due to its short wings and bulky body the Dodo birds could not fly or flee in the face of danger. So human used to kill them for food. Later the species became extinct from Mauritius. This bird species was helpful in pollinating and propagating seed of trees.

Explanation: A. The complete conversion of glucose in presence of oxygen, into carbon dioxide, water and release energy is called aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration, occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Explanation: A. Polyunsaturated fatty acid is an anti oxidant, which helps in building of tissues.

1. A. Malaria 1.Fungi
2. B. Poliomyelitis 2. Bacteria
3. C. Tuberculosis 3. Virus
4. D. Ringworm 4. Protozoan

Codes:

Explanation: A. Malaria parasite is an protozoan. Tuberculosis is a bacteria. Ring worm is a fungus and poliomyelitis is a virus.

Explanation: D. Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder. Clotting of blood is abnormally delayed that even a simple or small cut will result non stop b leeding in affected individual.

Explanation: D. Assertion is false, but R is true. In human being, male plays the major role in determining the sex of the offspring because male has XY-chromosome, while the female has two X-chromosome. XY combination of chromosome produces male child while XX combination produces female child.

Explanation: A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. DNA fingerprinting has become a powerful tool due to its ability in tracing evidences of crime and to establish the paternity. These evidences can be collected from hairs, semen and saliva because all of these contain DNA.

Explanation: A. Kidney stones consists of mucopolysacharides, urates, calium oxalate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate.

Explanation: C. Silk worm yield the fibre at pupa stage, which is commercially used to produce clothes.

1. A. Haemophilia 1. Deficiency disease
2. B. Diabetes 2. Genetic disease
3. C. Diabetes 3. Hormonal disorder
4. D. Ringworm 4.Fungal infection

Codes:

Explanation: B.

Explanation: B. Blood glucose level is commonly expressed as milligram per deci-litre. The normal blood glucose level is 90-150 mg/dl. The level of glucose in blood is controlled by insulin.

Explanation: C. Phytotron is a facility where a number of growth chambers and Greenhouses are organized in such a way that different environmental factors can be simulated for research studies simultaneously. It is a chamber, in which plants can be grown in controlled condition. It is used for studying interactions between plants and the environment.

1. A. Gonads 1. Insulin
2. B. Pituitary 2. Progesterone
3. C. Pancreas 3. Growth hormones
4. D. Adrenal 4. Cortisone

Codes:

Explanation: C. Progesterone is secreted by corpus luteum. It is a harmone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary (gonad) after an ovum has been discharged. Growth harmone is secreted by Pituitary gland. Insulin is secreted by Pancreas. Cortisone is secreted by adrenal gland in response to stress.

Explanation: B. It is made by using a bacterium called as Bacillus thuringiensis.

Explanation: A. Caffeine is found in non-alcoholic beverages, eg: Cocoa, tea etc.

Explanation: A. Hybridoma technology is a method for producing monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells.

Explanation: D. During strenuous exercise, the requirement of oxygen far exceeds its availability through breathing. Thus, other sources including oxygen from oxymyoglobin, dephosphorylation of creative phosphate, etc are used. After their exhaustion, the muscles begin to respire anaerobically along with aerobic respiration. This leads to anaerobic contraction which produces lactic acid. At the time of rest these lactic acid degrade into pyruvic acid and form CO2 and H2O.

Explanation: C. Silica gel is found in medicinal bottle to absorbs moisture and saves the medicines. Silica gel is a network of inter-connecting microscopic pores, which attract and hold moisture by the phenomenon known as absorption.

Explanation: B. Canola refers to special type of oil seed. The canola oil contains unsaturated fatty acids that is good for heart patients. This have the essential fatty acid like oleic and linoleic acid.

Explanation: D. DNA found in mitochondria other than nucleus. The DNA is called mitochondrial DNA.

Explanation: B. Athlete's Foot disease is caused by parasitic fungus of genus Trichophyton. Scaling, flaking and itching of affected areas are the symptoms of this disease. This disease transmitted in moist areas where people walk bare foot.

Explanation: B. An epiphyte is a plant normally grows on another plant for support. It is non parasitic, but uses the host plant for support. A plant such as tropical orchid or staghorn fern, that grows on another plant upon, which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients.

Explanation: A. There is no A and B antigen on RBC of "O

Explanation: D. A-3; B-4; C-2; D-1.

Explanation: A. Double helix structure of DNA contains 2 complementary strands which transmits genetic transmits information from generation to generation.

Explanation: B. Metastasis is the spread of cancer from its primary site to other places in the body (i.e. brain, liver). Cancer cells can break away from a primary tumour, penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the blood stream and grow to a normal tissues in the body.

Explanation: A. Ptyalin

Explanation: D. Antigen is a foreign molecule, which invade the body of organism, and induce immune response to stimulate antibody/generation/production.

Explanation: B. Ribosome and Endoplasmic reticulum are main sites for protein synthesis. Ribosome, which serve as staging area where some RNA helps in protein synthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum is an irregular, double membrane network scattered in cytoplasm, also helps in protein synthesis.

Explanation: A. Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis occurs during normal cell turnover, development and in immune system; Ageing is the accumulation of changes; Degeneration is the deterioration of a tissue or an organ in which its function is diminished or its structure impaired; Necrosis is the cellular death without any programming.

1. A. Breast-bone 1. Clavicle
2. B. Collar-bone 2. Patella
3. C. Knee-cap 3. Scapul
4. D. Shoulder blade 4. Sternum

Codes:

Explanation: D. Breast bone

1. Tapeworm is a hermaphrodite
2. Round-worm has separate sexes
3. Filaria is caused by a nematode.3. Filaria is caused by a nematode.
4. Guinea-worm is an annelid.

Which of these are correct?

Explanation: B. Tape worms are hermaphrodite (both male and female reproductive organ present); Round worms are unisexual (separate sex); Filaria is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti which is a parasitic nematode; Guinea worm is a long and very thin nematode, not an annelid.

1. The common blue green algae, Spirogyra and Ulothrix, are found in both fresh water ponds and oceans.
2. The Chameleon can look ahead with one eye, and at the same time look behind with another.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Explanation: B. Spirogyra and Ulothrix are green algae not blue green algae. The chameleon can see in both the direction forward and backward at the same time.

Explanation: C. Assertion is true because unsaturated fats are more reactive compared with saturated fats due to multiple bonds present between carbon atoms. The reason is false because unsaturated fats have atleast double bond in their structure.

1. Molasses is a by-product of sugar production process.
2. Bagasse obtained in the sugar mills is used as a fuel in the boilers to generate steam for the sugar factories.
3. Sugar can only be produced from sugarcane as the raw material.

Which of these statements are correct?

Explanation: A. Molasses is by-product of sugar production process and bagasse of sugar used as a fuel in boilers for sugar factories. But sugar produced from sugar cane and also from sugar beet.

Explanation: D. Octopus is an animal of class-Cephalopoda and phylum Mollusca. The shell is absent. It is found at bottom of the sea. It kills its prey with poisonous saliva. It can change its colour.

1. Swollen lymph nodes
2. Sweating at night
3. Loss of memory
4. Loss of weight

Which of these are symptoms of AIDS?

Explanation: D. AIDS is a viral disease. In this disease the immune system weakens and the body becomes prone to different type of infection by pathogens. Sweating at night, swollen lymph nodes, loss of memory and loss of weight are also symptoms of AIDS.

1. After the waste is removed in the kidney, the clean blood is sent back through renal artery.
2. From Bowman's capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Explanation: B. nephron consists of a network of tiny blood vessels, the glomerulus surrounded by Bowman's capsule. Pressure forces much of the blood plasma through the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule. The resulting tubular fluid, which contains water and dissolved chemicals then passes into convoluted tubule and loop of Henle. This capillary network provides a mean for pick up and delivery of materials that are reabsorbed and secreted by the kidney.

Explanation: A. Milk contains vitamin B1 (Thiamin) and vitamin B2 (riboflavin). So, statement (A) is not correct.

1. In response to the presence of HCl, secretin is produced from the duodenum.
2. Enterogastrone is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty acids.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Both the statement is correct.

1. Non-functioning of lachrymal gland is an important symptom of deficiency of Vitamin A.
2. Deficiency of Vitamin B1 can lead to indigestion and heart enlargement.
3. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to pain in the muscles.
4. Deficiency of Vitamin D causes increased loss of Ca++ in urine

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Explanation: D. Lachrymal is a tear produced gland which does not function due to deficiency of vitamin -A. Deficiency of vitamin - B1 causes loss of appetite, heart disorders, muscular weakness etc.

Explanation: C. Insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids. Insulin secrets from pancreas (Islets of Langerhans).

1. Toothless mammals such as Pangolins are not found in India.
2. Gibbon is the only ape found in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: B. Gibbon is the only ape found in rain forests of Assam in India, whereas Pangolins are found in tropical Asia and Africa.

Explanation: B. Lymphocytes are the cells that determine the specificity of the immune response to infectious microorganisms and other foreign substances. In humans lymphocytes make up 25 to 33% of the total number of leukocytes. Lymphocytes cells originate from bone marrow of long bones and Hen migrate to lymphatic system.

1. Adam Osborne introduced the first portable computer.
2. Ian Wilmut created the first cloned sheep.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Adam Osborne introduced the first portable computer in 1981 and Ian Wilmut, an English embryologist first cloned a mammal (Lamb) in year 1996.

Explanation: C. Assertion is true because a balance diet is a diet which contains the correct amount of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. But the reason is false, because human body cells synthesize various fatty acids except linoleic and linolenic fatty acids.

1. Femur is the longest bone in the human body.
2. Cholera is a disease caused by bacteria.
3. Athlete's foot' is a disease caused by virus.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Explanation: A. The largest bone in human body is femur. Cholera is caused by a bacteria Vibrio cholera. Athlete's foot disease is caused by parasific fungus of genus Trichophyton.

1. Dengue is a protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitoes.
2. Retro-orbital pain is not a symptom of dengue.
3. Skin rash and bleeding from nose and gums are some of the symptoms of dengue.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: B. Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquito. The symptoms of disease is characterized by high fever, severe muscle pain, joint pain and rashes in body.

1. Foot and mouth disease
2. Anthrax
3. Black Quarter
4. Cowpox

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: D. All are infectious diseases.

Explanation: D. Assertion is false because protein digestion occurs in stomach and small intestine. But reason is true because the proteolytic enzyme from pancreas secretion immediately enters to small intestine from the stomach.

Explanation: A. Assertion is correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. Amoeba is a unicellular animal. It reproduce by the process of asexual reproduction. Fission is one of the processes of asexual reproduction, where amoeba divides in half to produce off spring.

Explanation: C. Assertion is correct but the reason is false. Deficiency of vasopressin results Diabetes insipidus. In this disease the patients produce enormous quantities of dilute urine and the patient consequently feels thirsty.

Explanation: B. Pneumoconiosis is a respiratory disease caused by the inhaling various type of dust, such as coal dust, silica dust, asbestos dust etc. So, it is very common in workers of coal mining industries and related industries.

Codes:

Explanation: A. Cellulose is not soluble in water that is why it is used in making shatter

1. The common bile duct releases its contents into stomach.
2. The pancreatic duct releases its contents into duodenum.

Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?

Explanation: B. Bile duct and pancreatic duct both releases its contents into duodenum. The digestive enzyme (pancreatic juices) releases to duodenum from pancreatic duct.

Explanation: A. Rice is not a good source of calcium.

1. ELISA test is employed as the first and most basic test for an individual to detect cancer.
2. Almost 50% of human beings have Rh+ blood while the remaining have Rh

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Explanation: D. ELISA Test is employed as the first and most basic test for an indivisual to detect HIV/AIDS. 85% of human beings possess Rh+ and and 15% are Rh

Explanation: D. Hepatic portal vein deliver the nutrient rich blood from the stomach and small intestine to the liver. It is the largest gland in the body.

Explanation: B. Cloning a human embryo for the first time took place in U.SA. Cloning is a process when identical types of progenies are produced from one individual.

1. Meningococcal Meningitis is transmitted from person to person by mosquito bites.
2. Vomiting and neck pain are two of the symptoms of Meningococcal Meningitis. .

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Explanation: B. Meningococcal meningitis is transmitted from person to person through cough and having a body contact on a regular basis. It is called droplet transmission.

1. ELISA test is employed as the first and most basic test for an individual to detect cancer.
2. Almost 50 per cent of human beings have Rh+ blood while the remaining have Rh

Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?

Explanation: D. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) is most widely used in detecting the presence of HIV antibodies. Rh+ blood group is found in more than 85% of people.

Explanation: B. In pitcher plant, the lamina of leaf is modified into pitcher and the leaf apex gives rise to a coloured lid for attracting the insects.

Explanation: B. Photosynthesis occurs between wavelengths of about 400 nm and 750 nm. Red and blue colour wavelength is categories in this wavelength. So, plants absorb these colours. Photosynthesis does not occur in the infra-red or in ultraviolet light.

Explanation: B. Robert Webster is a scientist, his interests include the structure and function of influenza virus proteins and development of new vaccines and antivirals.

Explanation: A. Appendix is attached to the first portion of large intestine. The appendix has no function in modern human.

Explanation: C. Parathyroid hormone secrets from parathyroid gland. This hormone regulates calcium and phosphate level in blood. Parathyroid hormone raises the level of calcium in the blood and decreases the level of phosphorous in the blood.

Explanation: D. Most insects respire through tracheal system that lies on a network of small tubes that channel O2 directly to the different part of the body. The tracheal system is composed of chitin-ringed tubes called trachea that connect directly to the air through opening in the body wall called spiracles.

Explanation: B. Fallopian tube is a tube like structure that carries egg from the ovary to uterus. In this tube the sperm meets to ovum and fertilization occurs.

Explanation: C. The bottom part of the brain stem is called the Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata has nerve centres to control many vital body processes like swallowing, vomiting, breathing and heart beat etc.

Explanation: B. Urea is the main nitrogenous excretory product of Ureotelic animals, produced by liver cells from de-aminated excess amino-acids via the urea cycle.

Explanation: B. Gastrin is a hormone, which stimulates secretion of digestive enzyme in stomach. Trypsin, Pepsin and Ptyalin are the digestive enzymes of human system.

Explanation: D. The correct sequence in the order of decreasing length of the three structural parts are Ileum

1. Rice fields
2. Coal mining
3. Domestic animals
4. Wet lands

Which of the above are sources of methane, a major greenhouse gas?

Explanation: D. Rice fields, coal mining, domestic animal and wet lands all are the sources of methane.

Explanation: B. Pitcher plant is an insectivorous plant. It feeds on living creatures including insects and small mammals. These plant attracts the prey with a smell of rotting meat. The victim is dissolved by plant enzymes.

1. Probiotic food contains live bacteria which are considered beneficial to humans
2. Probiotic food helps in maintaining gut flora.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Probiotics are the living microorganisms that are healthy for host organism. Lactic acid bacteria, Bifido bacteria are common type of microbes used as probiotics. Certain yeast and Bacilli may also useful. Probiotics are commonly consumed as a part of fermented food with specially added active live cultures such as yoghurt or as dietary supplements.

Explanation: C. Sexual cannibalism is identified only in spiders. In which female organism kills the male before during or after copulation. In most species in which it occurs, sexual connibalism is related to the larger size of female due to sexual dimorphism.

Explanation: D. King cobra feeds on other snakes.

Explanation: C. Blood is slightly alkaline and the pH of blood varies from 7.35

Explanation: C. The liver secretes bile that forms and stores glycogen and plays an important role in metabolism of protein and fat. It does not contain digestive enzymes and as such does not take part directly in digestion.

Explanation: A. Echinda is a mammal that lay eggs.

Explanation: C. Gambusia affinis is a larvivorous fish. This fish is released into ponds and wells. It feeds on mosquito larvae, insects and crustaceans.

Explanation: C. Gibbon, Gorilla and Orangutan are apes, but Langur is not an ape, it is monkey.

1. Sweet orange plant is propagated by grafting technique.
2. Jasmine plant is propagated by layering technique.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Grafting is a most common method of vegetative propagation. In this method, parts of two plants are joined in such a way that they grow as a one plant. Sweet orange plant is propagated by grafting technique. Layering is another type of vegetative propagation. In this method, roots are artificially induced on the stem branches before they are detached from the plant for propagation. Jasmine plant is propagated by this technique.

Explanation: D. Saffron is a spice obtained from the stigma of the flower of Crocus sativus Linnaeus.

Explanation: D. Son suffers from colour blindness while daughter does not suffer from it.

Explanation: A. Bats are commonly known as fruits bats or flying foxes. In India these are present in North-Eastern parts or in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Explanation: C. According to evolution of living organisms Salamander-Python-Kangaroo, because the evolution started from amphibians 350 million years ago, reptiles appeared 300 million years ago and 200 million years ago first small mammals appeared.

Explanation: A. Panda and bear belongs to family Ursidae. Pandas are medium sized bears. Of all the endangered bear species they have the most distinguished colour combination.

Explanation: D. Dugong is a large marine mammal. Dugong has a fusiform body with no dorsal fin or hind limbs, instead of possessing paddle. Dugong is heavily dependent on sea grass for subsistence. Dugong bear one calf at a time after an approximately 13 month gestation.

Explanation: A. In bisexual flower, the male and female flowers (androecium and gynoecium) mature at different times to avoid self-fertilization. It is called dichogamy.

1. Bougainvillea
2. Carnations
3. Cocoa
4. Grapes

Which of these plants are propagated by stem cuttings?

Explanation: C. Bougainvillea, cocoa and grapes plants are propagated by stem cutting process.

Explanation: A. In organic evolution, Lamarck believed that any particular part of the body that is put into more frequent use, has tendency to develop stronger and better while that part of body which is put into less or no use has tendency to gradually disappear. So, loss of limbs in snake is an example of use and disuse of organs.

Explanation: B. Polyploidy occurs in cells and organisms when there are more than two paired (homologous) set of chromosome founds which controls more than one characters simultaneously; Apomixis is the process of asexual reproduction in which the embryo grow from egg cells without being fertilized; Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits; Polytene is a giant chromosomes found in some two-winged flies.

1. The production of somatotropin goes up when a person exercises.
2. Men's testes produce progesterone.
3. Women's adrenal glands secrete testosterone
4. Stress causes the adrenals to release very less amount of cortisol than usual.

Which of these statements are correct?

Explanation: D. Testes of man produce hormone testosterone and progesterone hormone is secreted by ovary of woman. Adrenal hormone releases the hormone cortisol.

Explanation: D. Foot and mouth disease in animals (hoof and mouth disease) is a viral infection affecting cloven hoofed domestic and wild animals. The viruses belong to the family picorna viridae.

1. A. Asiatic wild ass 1. Boselaphus tragocamelus
2. B. Barasingha 2. Cervus duvauceli
3. C. Chinkara 3. Equus hemionus
4. D. Nilgai 4. Gazella gazelle

Codes:

Explanation: B. Asiatic wild ass

Explanation: A. Wolf is monogamous. Monogamous is the organism which has only one spouse and mate at any one time.

Explanation: A. The sexes are separate except few echinoderm species. There is no sexual dimorphism. Fertilization is external and few forms are viviparous.

1. A. Arber and Smith 1. Developed transgenic plants with Agrobacterium T-DNA
2. B. Feldman 2. Discovered endonucleases
3. C. Mullis 3. Discovered reverse transcriptase
4. D. Temin and 4. Discovered polymerase Baltimore chain reaction

Codes:

Explanation: A. Arber and Smith- Discovered endonuclease; Feldman- Developed transgenic plants with Agrobacterium T-DNA; Mullis- Discovered polymerase chain reaction; Temin & Baltimore- Discovered reverse transcriptage.

Explanation: C. Viroids are plant pathogens that consists of a short stretch of highly complementary, circular, single-stranded RNA molecule. Prion is an infectious agent composed primarily of protein. Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack of cell wall.

Explanation: C. Urination can be induced within some minutes after a person consumes alcohol, because when the kidney filters the waste, the capillaries constricts and affects the filtering ability of kidney. When the body needs to conserve water, the pituitary gland excretes a hormone called vasopressin, which causes the nephron filters to become permeable retaining more water in the blood stream and allowing less water to be excreted in the urine. Alcohol decreases vasopressin secretion.

Explanation: D. Assertion is false, but reason is true. Essential amino acids are those which are taken form food and not synthesised in the body, whereas non-essential amino acids need not be supplied in the diet and synthesised in the body. Glycine serine and tyrosine are non-essential amino acids.

Explanation: B. Mutation is the most responsible factor for origin of new species.

Explanation: A. Ticks and mites are categorized under order Arachnids of phylum Arthopoda of animal kingdom.

Explanation: D. Blood has more platelets than corpuscles. A microlitre of blood contains 5,000-10,000 of White blood cells (WBC) and 150,000-500,000 platelets.

Explanation: B. Ethanol is produced in India from maize, sugarcane, starch, corn grain etc. Maize is easily available and maize is not costly for product as to economic concern.

Explanation: B. Insectivorous plants prey insects because most of the insectivorous plants grow in those area where there is deficiet of nitrogen in nutrients so they catch insect to fulfil its need of nutrients.

Explanation: B. Mon 863 is genetically modified variety of maize, which is resistant of corn root worm.

1. Coffee plant requires a hot and humid climate of tropical areas whereas tea can be cultivated in both tropical and subtropical areas.
2. Coffee is propagated by seeds but tea is propagated by stem cuttings only.

Which of the statements given above is /are correct?

Explanation: A. Both tea and coffee is propagated by seeds and stem cutting, so the (2) option is wrong.

1. Crop rotation
2. Sand fences
3. Terracing
4. Wind breaks

Which of the above are considered appropriate methods for soil conservation in India?

Explanation: D. Crop rotation, Sand fences, terracing and wind breaks all are used for sand conservation in India. Sand fences is a simple and cheap method of inducing accretion of sands in arid and sandy areas.

1. Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the arid regions of India.
2. The seeds of Pongamia pinnata are rich in lipid content of which nearly half is oleic acid.

Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Explanation: C. Pongamia Pinnata is adaptable to arid zones, and has a varied habitat distribution and able to grown in a variety of soils, it is native to humid and subtropical environment and grows naturally along coasts and river banks of India and Myanmar. It is nitrogen-fixing trees.

1. Hepatitis B is several times more infectious than HIV / AIDS
2. Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer

Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Explanation: C. Hepatitis-B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It can cause chronic liver disease and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of liver and liver cancer. Hepatitis-B virus is transmitted between people by contact with blood or other body fluid of an contact with the blood or other body fluid.

1. It is possible to know the pedigree of livestock.
2. It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases.
3. It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal breeds.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: D. Human Genome Project is not at all limited to only genetic diseases. There are some 30K genes and the genome sequence would provide great help to build the tools to conquer diseases. Here we must note that all diseases have a genetic component, whether inherited (genetic) or resulting from the body

1. They use living organisms as catalysts to generate electricity from certain substrates.
2. They use a variety of inorganic materials as substrates.
3. They can be installed in waste water treatment plants to cleanse water and produce electricity.

Which of the following statements given above is/ are correct?

Explanation: D. Microbial fuel cells transform organic wastes directly into electricity through microbially catalyzed electrochemical reactions.

1. The food products are not made out of hydrogenated oils.
2. The food products are not made out of animal fats/oils.
3. The oils used are not likely to damage the cardiovascular health of the consumers.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: D. A type of trans fat occurs naturally in the milk and body fat of ruminants (such as cattle and sheep) at a level of 2

Explanation: A. The blood group of the parents are AB and O; the biological child

Explanation: C. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death. When the chain reaction occurs in a purified monomer, it produces a polymer resin, such as a plastic, a synthetic fibre, or an oil paint film. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants are often reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic acid, orpolyphenols.

Explanation: A. Bt Brinjal is a transgenic brinjal created by inserting a gene cry1Ac from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into Brinjal. This is said to give the Brinjal plant resistance against lepidopteran insects like the Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer Leucinodes orbonalis and Fruit Borer Helicoverpa armigera.

Explanation: B. Phloem layer of tissue just below the bark is responsible for carrying food from leave to roots.

1. To enable them to withstand drought
2. To increase the nutritive value of the produce
3. To enable them to grow and do photosynthesis in spaceships and space stations
4. To increase their shelf life

Select the correct answer using the codes given below :

Explanation: C. Except 3rd, all the statements are correct.

1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Flowering plants

Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed as biopesticides?

Explanation: D. All of them are employed as Bio-pesticides.

Explanation: B. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen.

1. Bat
2. Bee
3. Bird

Which of the above is/are pollinating agent/agents?

Explanation: D. All of them are pollinating agents.

1. Agaricus
2. Nostoc
3. Spirogyra

Which of the above is/are used as biofertilizer / biofertilizers?

Explanation: B. Nostoc fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop.

Explanation: C. Fruits respire. They give out ethylene which helps in ripening. When fruits are kept in cold storage the rate of ethylene production can be controlled and shelf life of fruits can be increased.

Explanation: C. During a transplant the fine roots are destroyed due to the jostling during the uprooting process. These root hairs come under a shock. The plant which has been transplanted either takes time to readjust to the new soil or dries up and dies due to the root hair loss.

1. Hard and waxy leaves
2. Tiny leaves or no leaves
3. Thorns instead of leaves

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: D. To inhibit water loss or to conserve water most of the desert species have waxy leaves that keep them water proof when stomata are closed. Water is further conserved by reducing surface area so most succulents have few leaves or no leaves. Some desert plants have thorns instead of leaves. Thorns do not let the water go out.

1. resist drought and increase absorptive area
2. tolerate extremes of pH
3. resist disease infestation

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: D. Mycorrhizal associations play vital role in plant nutrition. They greatly increase the efficiency of nutrient and water uptake; enhance resistance to pathogens, and buffer plant species against several environmental stresses and drought resistance. Mycorrhizal also improve plant growth and survival in soils contaminated by heavy metals.

Explanation: C. Afla toxins are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus. Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Parasiticus are weedy moulds that grow on a large number of substrates, in particular under high moisture conditions.

1. Excretion of urea by animals
2. Burning of coal by man
3. Death of vegetation

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: C. Excretion of urea by animals adds nitrogen to the soil, as urea is the main nitrogen containing substance in the urine of mammals, therefore urea is widely used in fertilizers as the convenient source of nitrogen. Death of vegetation adds up in soil organic matters including humus. As organic matters decompose inorganic nitrogen is released into the soil.

1. Chikungunya
2. Hepatitis B
3. HIV-AIDS

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: B. Body piercing or getting one's body tattooed may cost one a huge price- Infection of Hepatitis B and C virus is absolutely possible. The needle used in the act may just be infected with the said virus causing liver disease, which in its ultimate stage often turns cancerous. This is deemed to happen if the needle is not properly sterilized.

1. Calcium
2. Iron
3. Sodium

Which of the minerals given above is/are required by human body for the contraction of muscles?

Explanation: C. Calcium is the most common and abundant mineral in the body. It is important for healthy bones and teeth, helps muscle relax and contract, important in nerve functioning, blood clotting etc. Sodium is needed for proper fluid balance, nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

1. across different species of plants
2. from animals to plants
3. from microorganisms to higher organisms

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: D. Recombinant DNA are DNA sequences, which result from bringing genetic material forms different sources. The genes can be transferred between any species, that is across different species of plants, from animals to plants and from microorganisms to higher organisms

1. Sea cow
2. Sea horse
3. Sea lion

Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?

Explanation: B. Sea cow is a mammal. It is a herbivore and it grows up to 9 meters. It looks like a large seal. Sea horse is a fish not a mammal. Sea lion is a mammal. It is a carnivore. It is also known as eared seal.

1. Viruses lack enzymes necessary for the generation of energy.
2. Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium.
3. Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: A. Viruses have no metabolic enzymes and cannot generate their own energy. Viruses require a growth medium containing living cell therefore cannot be cultured in any synthetic medium. Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another not only by biological vectors but also by mechanical vectors. Mechanical vector like an arthropod vector which transmits an infective organism from one host to another but it is not essential to the life of cycle of the parasite.

Explanation: B. In photosynthesis the free energy is converted into potential energy and stored.

Explanation: A. Mite, Spider and Scorpion belong to the category of Arachnids, while Crabs belong to the category of crustaceans.

1. Iris scanning
2. Retinal scanning
3. Voice recognition

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation: D. Biometrics identification is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. Biometric identifiers are the distinctive, measurable characteristics used to label individuals. Biometric identifiers are categorized as physiological versus behavioral characteristics. Physiological Biometric identifiers are fingerprint, palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odour/scent. Behavioural identifiers are typing rhythm, gait and voice.

1. Diphtheria
2. Chickenpox
3. Smallpox

Which of the above diseases has/have been eradicated in India?

Explanation: B. Smallpox is the only disease eradicated from India. The last known small pox case was reported in 1965 from Katihar district, Bihar.

1. Vitamin C : Scurvy
2. Vitamin D : Rickets
3. Vitamin E : Night blindness

Which of the pairs given above is/ are correctly matched?

Explanation: A. Deficiency of vitamin C causes Scurvy, disease of gums. Deficiency of vitamin D causes Rickets, disease of bones and Deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness, disease of eyes.

Explanation: D. H1N1 flu is also known as swine flu. The cause of swine flu is an influenza A virus type designated as H1N1.

1. The decomposition of human waste in the biotoilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum.
2. Ammonia and water vapour are the only end products in this decomposition which are released into the atmosphere.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: D. The bio-toilets are fitted underneath the lavatories and the human waste discharged into them is acted upon by a particular kind of bacteria that converts it into CO2, CH4 and non-corrosive neutral water. The new-age green toilets have been designed by Railways along with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) keeping in mind the requirements of Indian trains.

1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. plants

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation: D. A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.