Explanation: A. Gupta's capital was Deogarh, and chandellas had their capital at Khajuraho, Chalukyas capital was Badami and Pallava's capital was panamalai.

Explanation: D. Aasoka's pillars are not actually architectural structures, they were intended to spread Ashoka's messages to the people. They were erected with Ashokan edicts. They were erected in every direction mainly in four scripts. These edicts were deciphered by James Princep in 1837.

Explanation: D. Kharosthti script found in now Pakistan region, is written from right to left which is evolved on the Varnamala system of Indian language. It was deciphered by James Prinsep which in turn led to reading of Asokan edicts. The Brahmi script written from left to right.

Explanation: C. The famous dialogue between Nachiketa and Yama (lord of death) about death and transmigration of Soul in mentioned Kathonipashad. Mundakopanishad is known for the quote 'Satyamev Jayate'.

Explanation: A. The dialogue between the King Meander (Milinda) and the Buddhist monk Nagasena was compiled in the form of Milindapanho in 1 century B.C.

Explanation: D. The personal name of Asoka is mentioned in Maski and Gujarat edicts.

The places marked A, B, C and D respectively are

Explanation: C. The given order is Matsya-Avanti-Vatsa-Anga. According to 16 Mahajanapadas in Anguttaranikaya. Matsya Mahajanapada comprised the present day Jaipur Bharatpur-Alwar area of Rajastan. Avanti is modern day Ujjain districts of Madhya Pradesh. Anga a Mahajanapada was in Gangetic Valley of Bihar. Vatsa situated in the Gangetic plain, now known as kosam, a small town in Uttar Pradesh.

Explanation: C. In Mahayana Bodhisatva Avalokiteshvara is known as Padmapani. The name Avalokitesvara means "Lord who looks down with Compassion".

Explanation: A. Rupaka was silver coin of Gupta period. Most of these coins are found in Northern parts of the country. 1.6 Rupaka was equal to one Gold coin.

Explanation: D. Manigrama was a corporation of Merchants in Ancient South India. Southern Indian trade guilds were formed in order to organize and expand their trading activities. Ashtadikaja is the collective title given to eight Telugu poets in the court of the emperor Shri Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagara empire. Parishad refers to general assembly during the ancient times. Chaturvedamangalam was ancient village located in Chola Kingdom.

Explanation: C. Gandhara School of Art was highly influenced by Greeks. But, it was Mahayana form of Buddhism that was influenced by that art.

1. Gold coins
2. Punch marked silver coins
3. Iron plough
4. Urban culture

Codes:

Explanation: B. Iron plough led to increased agricultural production which helps in flourished trade and growth of urban culture. Then the punch-marked silver coins have appeared which were succeeded by Gold coins minted by Indo-Greek rulers.

Explanation: C. Ashokan major rock edicts II and XII tells us about the Sangam Kingdom. I and II edicts gave account of Ashoka's concern for the comforts of men and beasts. X and XI rock edicts talk about Dharma. XIV rock edict is a post script to 13 rock edicts.

Explanation: D. Greeks, Kushanas and shakas embraced Buddhism rather than Hinduism because Buddhism provided easier access to Indian Society.

Explanation: C. The given map relates to the Asoka's empire towards close of his reign. The map shows the climax of Mauryan empire which extended from North western India uptill southern India, sfter which it was disintegrated because of weak successors.

Explanation: D. The concept of eight fold path forms the theme of Dharma parivartana sutta which means sermon of the turning of the wheel of law. Eight fold path includes right understanding, right speech, right livelihood, right mindfulness, right though, right action, right effort and right concentration. Divyadana or divine narratives is a Sanskrit onthology of Buddhist tales.

Explanation: A. The earliest royal order to preserve food-grains to be utilized during the crisis in the country is Sohagaura copper-plate inscription of Ashoka.

1. Lothal : Ancient dockyard
2. Sarnath : First Sermon of Buddha
3. Rajgir : Lion capital of Asoka
4. Nalanda : Great seat of Buddhist learning

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: C. Lion capital of Ashoka is in Sarnath, not Rajgir. Lothal of Gujarat has a significant place in Harappan civilization due is its proximity or sea and inter-trade relations. Sarnath is a Buddhist sermon site where Buddha first deliver his doctrine. Rajgir is famous pilgrimage centre and is famous for its hot water springs. Nalanda was one of the renowned university of ancient and early medieval times. It was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193.

Explanation: C. Gandhara School of Art was highly influenced by Greeks. But, it was Mahayana form of Buddhism that was influenced by that art.

1. Gold coins
2. Punch marked silver coins
3. Iron plough
4. Urban culture

Codes:

Explanation: B. Iron plough led to increased agricultural production which helps in flourished trade and growth of urban culture. Then the punch-marked silver coins have appeared which were succeeded by Gold coins minted by Indo-Greek rulers.

Explanation: C. Ashokan major rock edicts II and XII tells us about the Sangam Kingdom. I and II edicts gave account of Ashoka's concern for the comforts of men and beasts. X and XI rock edicts talk about Dharma. XIV rock edict is a post script to 13 rock edicts.

Explanation: D. Greeks, Kushanas and shakas embraced Buddhism rather than Hinduism because Buddhism provided easier access to Indian Society.

Explanation: C. The given map relates to the Asoka's empire towards close of his reign. The map shows the climax of Mauryan empire which extended from North western India uptill southern India, sfter which it was disintegrated because of weak successors.

Explanation: D. The concept of eight fold path forms the theme of Dharma parivartana sutta which means sermon of the turning of the wheel of law. Eight fold path includes right understanding, right speech, right livelihood, right mindfulness, right though, right action, right effort and right concentration. Divyadana or divine narratives is a Sanskrit onthology of Buddhist tales.

Explanation: A. The earliest royal order to preserve food-grains to be utilized during the crisis in the country is Sohagaura copper-plate inscription of Ashoka.

1. Lothal : Ancient dockyard
2. Sarnath : First Sermon of Buddha
3. Rajgir : Lion capital of Asoka
4. Nalanda : Great seat of Buddhist learning

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: C. Lion capital of Ashoka is in Sarnath, not Rajgir. Lothal of Gujarat has a significant place in Harappan civilization due is its proximity or sea and inter-trade relations. Sarnath is a Buddhist sermon site where Buddha first deliver his doctrine. Rajgir is famous pilgrimage centre and is famous for its hot water springs. Nalanda was one of the renowned university of ancient and early medieval times. It was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji in 1193

Explanation: A. The didactic works of sangam period are called Kilukanakku (18 minor groups) consisting of Tirukkural and Naladiyar. The aha mans Puram poems of the Kilukanakku group were composed in Post-sangam period. That

Explanation: B. both statements are true but reason is not a correct explanation of Assertion.

Explanation: B. Both the statements are true but do not explain each other.

Explanation: A. Ashoka annexed kalinga to the Mauryan empire in 261 BC. Though Ashoka abandoned the policy of Physical occupation in favour of Policy of Cultural conquest after the Kalinga War, yet he retained Kalinga after its conquest and incorporated it into his empire. Thus R explains A.

Explanation: A. Greeks first introduced military governship in India. They appointed their Governors called Strategos.

Explanation: A. Alexander invaded India in 326 BC. Nandas were ruling over India at that time. The Chronological order of these 4 dynasties was: Nanda , Maurya, Sunga and Kanvas.

Codes:

Explanation: B. Under the Mahalwari system, revenue, settlement was to be made by village or estates with the landlords. In the Ryotwari system, a direct settlement was made between the government and the ryot (cultivator). In the zamindari system, land is allotted to revenue farmers of Zamindars (rent Collectors).

Explanation: B. Best answer is Balaji Viswanath. As Sambhaji were succeded by rajaram, Shivaji II, Tarabai and Shahu ji. Balaji Viswanath played a crucial role in the final victory of Shahu by winning over almostall the Maratha Sardars to the side of Shahu. Under Baji Rao I Maratha power reached a zenith. But that option is not given.

Explanation: A.

1. Reign of Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagara.
2. Construction of Qutab Minar.
3. Arrival of Portuguese in India.
4. Death of Firoz Tughlaq.

Correct Chronological sequence of these events is:

Explanation: A. Region of Krishna Deva of Vijayanagara (1509-30); Construction of Qutub Minar(1206-1210); Arrival of Portuguese in India(1498); Death of Firoz Tughlaq (1388).

1. A. Iqta 1. Marathas
2. B. Jagir 2. Delhi Sultans
3. C. Amaram 3. Mughals
4. D. Mokasa 4. Vijayanagara

Codes:

Explanation: B. Iqta system was started by Delhi Sultanate; Jagir was allotted by Mughal rulers, Amaram, land grant was made b Vijayanagara rulers and Mokasa and grant was given by Maratha rulers.

Explanation: C. Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur was a secular ruler. He was called

Explanation: B. The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at Belur but was later moved to Halebid.

Explanation: B. Painted Greyware belonged to later Vedic period (1000

Explanation: B. To popularize the Mahayana form of Buddhism. Harshavardhana convened an assembly at Kannauj. The Prayag assembly was convened to popularize himself.

Explanation: C. In 1017, Rajendra conquered Ceylon (Srilanka). Earlier Rajaraja I conquered only half of it.

Explanation: D. Vasumitra and Ashavaghosh together presided over the fourth council. In this council Buddhists were divided into Mahayanists and Hinayanists

Explanation: A. Cow, camel, horse and lion were not depicted on seals. Unicorn (bull) was the animal most commonly represented on the seals.

1. The Cholas defeated Pandya and Chera rulers and established their domination over peninsular India in the early medieval times.
2. The Cholas sent an expedition against Sailendra empire of South-East Asia and conquered some of the areas.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Explanation: C. The Chola kingdom of the Sangam period extended from modern Tiruchi district to southern Andhra Pradesh. Their capital was first located at Uraiyur and then shifted to Puhar. Karikala was a famous king of the Sangam Cholas. Pattinappalai portrays his early life and his military conquests. In the Battle of Venni he defeated the mighty confederacy consisting of the Cheras, Pandyas and eleven minor chieftains. The Chola emperor launched a successful naval expedition against the sailendra kingdom.

Explanation: A. Mrichchhakatika (The Clay Court) is a Sanskrit play written by Shudraka in 2nd C BC. It is about a young man named Charudatta, and his love for Vasantasena, a rich courtesan.

1. Vardhaman Mahavira's mother was the daughter of Lichchhavi chief Chetaka
2. Gautama Buddha's mother was a princess from the Koshalan dynasty
3. Parshvanatha, the twenty-third Tirthankara, belonged to Benaras

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Vardhaman Mahavira's mother, Trishala was the sister (not the daughter) of Lichchhavi chief Chetaka.

1. The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha was assassinated by his commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga.
2. The last Sunga king, Devabhuti was assassinated by his Brahmana Minister Vasudeva Kanva who usurped the throne.
3. The last ruler of the Kanva dynasty was deposed by the Andhras.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Explanation: D. All statements are correct. The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha was assassinated by his commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga in 185 BC. The last ruler of Kanva dynasty, Susharma was deposed by the Andhras and Satavahana dynasty came into being.

1. The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien attended the fourth Great Buddhist Council held by Kanishka.
2. The Chinese pilgrim Hiuen-Tsang met Harsha and found him to be antagonistic to Buddhism.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: D. Statement 1 is incorrect as fourth Buddhist Council was held in Kashmir during the reign of Kanishka under the presidentship of Vasumitra and Ashvaghosh. Fa-Hien visited India during the reign of Chandra Gupta-II and not during Kanishka's reign. Statement 2 is incorrect as Harsha was not antagonistic to Buddhism when Hiuen -Tsang met him.

Explanation: C. Jainism spread in South India under the leadership of Bhadrabahu (not Sthalabahu). The Jainas who remained under the leadership of Bhadrabahu were called Digambaras (not Shvetambaras) after the first council held at Pataliputra (modern Patna) by Sthulbahu.

Explanation: C. Atharvaveda is a book of magical formula. It contains charms and spells to ward-off evil and disease.

Explanation: C. Bimbisara belonged to the Haryanka dynasty. Magdha empire came into prominence under him. He was a contemporary of the Buddha. He strengthened his position by marriage alliances. His first wife was the sister of Prasenjit (son of king of Koshala) who was also contemporary of the Buddha.

Explanation: B. Dantidurga, a feudatory of Chalukyas, founded the Rastrakuta empire in 753 C E (AD) with their capital at Manyakhet

Explanation: A. Sindhu was the old name of river Indus and Vitasta was the old name of River Jhelum. In persent time Takshashila situated in Pakistan.

Explanation: A. Alexander (Greek, 326 B.C.E.); Sakas (90 B.C.E.); Kushanas (45 C.E.)

1. The Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were antagonistic towards Buddhism.
2. The Pala rulers of Eastern India were patrons of Buddhism.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/ are correct?

Explanation: B. Statement 1 is incorrect as most of the inscriptions of the Andhra Ikshvaku period record either the construction of the Buddhist viharas or the gifts made to them which shows that the Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were supporters of Buddhism.

Explanation: D. It was written by Samudragupta's court poet Harisena.

Explanation: B. Dantidurga, a feudatory of Chalukyas, founded the Rastrakuta empire in 753 C E (AD) with their capital at Manyakhet.

Explanation: A. Sindhu was the old name of river Indus and Vitasta was the old name of River Jhelum. In persent time Takshashila situated in Pakistan.

Explanation: A. Alexander (Greek, 326 B.C.E.); Sakas (90 B.C.E.); Kushanas (45 C.E.)

1. The Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were antagonistic towards Buddhism.
2. The Pala rulers of Eastern India were patrons of Buddhism.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/ are correct?

Explanation: B. Statement 1 is incorrect as most of the inscriptions of the Andhra Ikshvaku period record either the construction of the Buddhist viharas or the gifts made to them which shows that the Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were supporters of Buddhism.

Explanation: D. It was written by Samudragupta's court poet Harisena.

Explanation: A. This is same as the Pythagoras theorem.

1. A. Lothal 1. Ploughed field
2. B. Kalibangan 2. Dockyard
3. C. Dholavira 3. Terrcotta replica of a plough
4. D. Banawali 4. An inscription comprising ten large sized signs of the Harappan script

Codes:

Explanation: B. A-2; B-1; C-4; D-3.

Explanation: A. The Statue of Gomateshwara was built in deference to Jain deity Bahubali, It does not represent last Tirthankara of Jains. India's largest Buddhist monastery is Tawang Monastery located in Arunachal Pradesh. It is the second largest in the world after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet.

Explanation: B. Pavarana is a Buddhist holy day celebrated on the full moon of the eleventh lunar month. It marks the end of the month of Vassa, sometimes called "Buddhist Lent." This day marks the end of the rainy season in some Asian countries like Thailand, where Theravada Buddhism is practiced. On this day, each monk (Pali: bhikkhu) must come before the community of monks (Sangha) and atone for an offense he may have committed during the Vassa.

Explanation: D. The Mudrarakshasa ("The Signet of the Minister"), a historical play in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta (4th century CE) narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya to power in Northern India.

Explanation: A. A copper plate inscription of Maharaja Subandhu, recording his donation for the repair of the vihara was found at the site of Cave 2. Though, the date of the Bagh inscription is missing, the Badwani copper plate inscription is dated in the year (Gupta era) 167 (487).

Explanation: B. Jain Doctrine is "established" upon an undying universal truth. It was Rishabh deV, who is first thought to realize the truth and achieve Kevalya Gyana.

1. It was predominantly a secular civilization and the religious element, though present, did not dominate the scene.
2. During this period, cotton was used for manufacturing textiles in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Mehrgarh cotton which is the earliest example of Cotton cultivation in the old world , older than the Peruvians. The cloth was made, and even dyed, so statement 2 is correct. The first statement is also correct.

1. Dharma was a conception of obligations and of the discharge of one
2. Rita was the fundamental moral law governing the functioning of the universe and all it contained.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: C. Rita refers to regulation order by nature and was related to the conduct of the Vedic Gods and Humans, somewhere related to the moral and physical law. Statement 2 is correct. Rita was later replaced bny Dharma and was a more sophisticated form of principles of law. As per Chanakya, Dharma was the promotion of one's own security, happiness as well as the social order. Both the statements are correct.

1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments were in common use by 1st century AD.
2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body had begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD.
3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th century AD.
4. The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals was known in 7th century AD.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: C. Given 1st, 3rd and 4th statements are correct

1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment
2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas
3. Denial of efficacy of rituals

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: B. Both Buddhism and Jainism denied the authority of the Vedas and the efficacy of Rituals.

Explanation: C. Nagara, Dravida and Vesara are three main styles of Indian temple architecture.

Explanation: B. The earth witness Buddha is one of the most common iconic images of Buddhism. It depicts the Buddha sitting in meditation with his left hand, palm upright, in his lap; and his right hand touching the earth. This represents the moment of the Buddha's enlightenment.

Explanation: C. The early Vedic Aryans indulged in Image Worship and Yajnas.

1. Every guild was registered with the central authority of the State and the king was the chief administrative authority on them.
2. The wages, rules of work, standards and prices were fixed by the guild.
3. The guild had judicial powers over its own members.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Explanation: C. The wages, rules of work, standards and prices were fixed by the guild.

1. Sankhya does not accept the theory of rebirth or transmigration of soul.
2. Sankhya holds that it is the self-knowledge that leads to liberation and not any exterior influence or agent.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: B. Sankhya yoga believes that self

Explanation: A. The concept of Nirvana was originally explained by Lord Buddha (566-486 BC). The word 'Nirvana' comes from the root meaning 'to blow out' and refers to the extinguishing of the fires of greed, hatred, and delusion. When these emotional and psychological defilements are destroyed by wisdom, the mind becomes free, radiant, and joyful and he who has realized the Truth (Nirvana) is the happiest being in the world. He is free from all complexes and obsessions. He does not repent the past nor does he brood over the future. He lives fully in present. He appreciates and enjoys things in life in the purest sense without self projections. He is free from the thirst of becoming and the illusion of self. Buddhism explain Nivrana as a state of bliss or peace.

1. They possessed great palaces and temples.
2. They worshipped both male and female deities.
3. They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.

Select the correct statement/statements using the codes given below.

Explanation: B. Indus valley people did not possess great palaces and temples rather the civilization was noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system and multistoried houses. Indus valley people were peace loving. They were never engaged in any war. However speculations have been rife that some tectonic forces destroyed the civilization. Some historians are of the view that invasion of Aryans, sea level changes, earthquakes might have brought the civilization to its end therefore people employing horse drawn chariots in warfare is not true. Moreover, Indus valley seals show swastika, animals which is suggestive of their religious beliefs. In view of large number of figurines found in Indus valley, some scholars believe they worshipped mother goddess symbolizing fertility. They worshipped a father God who might be a progenitor of the race and was a probably a prototype of Siva as the Lord of the Animals.

1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance.
2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul.
3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: D. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended. "Swadhyay Paramam Tap" According to Jain doctrines Penance washes away all the blemishes and purges the soul of all karmic matter. Also, according to Jainism, Karma is the bane of the soul. Karma not only encompasses the causality of transmigration but it is also conceived as an extremely subtle matter which infiltrates the soul, obscuring its natural, transparent, pure qualities. Karma is thought of as a kind of pollution that taints the soul with various colors. Based on its karma, a soul undergoes transmigration and reincarnation in various states of existence like heavens or hells or as humans or animals.

1. The roads and river-routes were completely immune from robbery.
2. As regards punishment for offences, ordeals by fire, water and poison were the instruments for determining the innocence or guilt of a person.
3. The tradesmen had to pay duties at ferries and barrier stations.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation: B. The tradesmen had to pay light duties at ferries and barriers. After paying the revenue they could go to and fro to barter their merchandise. The punishment for social offences according to the traveller

1. A grand image of Buddha's Mahaparinirvana with numerous celestial musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers below : Ajanta
2. A huge image of Varaha Avatar (boar incarnation) of Vishnu, as he rescues Goddess Earth from the deep and chaotic waters, sculpted on rock : Mount Abu
3. "Arjuna's Penance"/ "Descent of Ganga" sculpted on the surface of huge boulders : Mamallapuram

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation: C. is correctly matched because Parinirvana of the Buddha in Cave 17 of Ajanta, with numerous celestial musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers below, is one of the grandest and yet most delicately expressive scenes ever made in stone. 2 is wrong because huge image of Varaha Avatar of Vishnu, as herescues Goddess Earth from the deepand chaotic waters, sculpted on rock is found in Mamallapuram. 3 is right because Arjuna's Penance "Descent of Ganga" sculpted on thesurface of huge boulders is found in Mamallapuram.

1. Tabo monastery and temple complex : Spiti Valley
2. Lhotsava Lhakhang temple, Nako : Zanskar Valley
3. Alchi temple complex : Ladakh

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation: C. Tabo monastery and temple complex is in Spiti Valley and Alchi temple complex is in Ladakh. Lhotsava Lhakhang, Nako is in Himachal Pradesh. Zanskar Valley is in Jammu and Kashmir.

Explanation: C. Lokayata and Kapalika do not form of Six system of Indian philosophy.

Explanation: D. The words Satyameva Jayate came from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs'.

1. Avanti
2. Gandhara
3. Kosala
4. Magadha

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation: C. Buddh born in Lumbini, in Kosala kingdom.Buddh died in Kusinara, in Magadha kingdom. Avanti lay outside the area visited by buddha, and was converted to his teaching by his disciple Mahakaccana. Gandhara is western part of Pakistan & Afghanistan and Buddha never went to Pakistan.

Explanation: B. Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was built during the reign of Ashoka in 250 BC. Lingaraja Temple at Bhubneshwar was built by Yayati (1025-1040). Rockcut monuments at Mahabalipuram were built during 7th-8th century AD during the reign of Pallavas. Varaha Image at Udaygiri was built by Chandragupta II of Gupta Empire.

Explanation: B. The Malavikagnimitra is a Sanskrit play by Kalidas. The play tells the love story of Agnimitra, the Shunga Emperor. He falls in love with the picture of an exiled servant girl named Malavika.

1. Eripatti Land : revenue from which was set apart for the maintenance of the village tank
2. Taniyurs : Villages donated to a single Brahmin or a group of Brahmins
3. Ghatikas : Colleges generally attached to the temples

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Explanation: D. A special category of land, eripatti or land, is mentioned. Donated by individuals, the revenue from this land was set apart for the maintenance of the village tank. Occasionally a very large village would be administered as a single unit and this was called Taniyur.

1. Sautrantika and Sammitiya were the sects of Jainism.
2. Sarvastivadin held that the constituents of phenomena were not wholly momentary, but existed forever in a latent form.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation: B. Sautrantikas and Sammtiyas as Buddhism sects. And Sarvastivadin sect of Buddhism believes that all things exist, and exist continuously, in the past and the future as well as in the present.

Explanation: A. Correct option A

1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet in warfare whereas the people of Indus Valley Civilization did not leave any evidence of using them.
2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and iron.
3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley people having been aware of this animal.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Explanation: C. Correct option is C.

Explanation: B. Motupalli.

Explanation: B. Jainism.

Explanation: C. Maitreya, is the future Buddha, whose coming was said to have been prophesied by the historical Buddha and who in years to come, would purify the world with his teachings.

Explanation: C. Kot Diji (now in Pakistan) was an early Harappan site. Chanhudaro (Pakistan) and Desalpur (Gujarat) are mature Harappan sites.

Explanation: A. Kanaganahalli in Karnataka is the site with an inscription in Brahmi script reading Ranyo Ashoka and a sculpture of King Ashoka.

1. Deification of the Buddha
2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas
3. Image worship and rituals

Which of the above is/are the feature/ features of Mahayana Buddhism?

Explanation: D. Mahayana Buddhism promoted devotional support, Deification of Buddha, icon worship and rituals and treading path of Bodhisattvas.

Explanation: A. Vishti was considered as a source of income for the state, a sort of tax by the people.