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The international team of researchers collected samples of corals from across the Mediterranean Sea and analysed the bacteria that live with the corals. The researchers found that the presence of a group of parasitic single-celled organisms called Syndiniales made it more likely that a coral could survive heat stress. The presence of Corallicolids, a group of single-celled organism related to the parasite that causes malaria, was more common in corals that die from heat stress.
06 February, 2024
R&D
MV Vasiliy Golovnin, an expedition vessel chartered by India, commenced its journey recently. The journey is from Cape Town to Antarctica for the 43rd Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) Voyage. The expedition includes 21 members from India, two from Mauritius, and one from Bangladesh.
22 January, 2024
R&D
Researchers have identified a new class of antibiotics named Zosurabalpin with the potential to tackle a drug-resistant bacterium, Acinetobacter baumannii recently. It inhibits the transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. Zosurabalpin was found to be effective against CRAB (carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii)-induced pneumonia and sepsis in mice models.
14 January, 2024
R&D
The Education and Research Network is an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. ERNET was established in 1986 to provide a networking infrastructure for the research and education community with its headquarters are in New Delhi. ERNET's mandate is to support the needs of academic and research institutions through consultancy, project management, training, and other value-added services.
13 January, 2024
R&D
Researchers have developed a new electronics soil that was found to increase the growth of barley seedlings by 50%. It is a novel method of soilless gardening or hydroponics using an electrically conductive growing medium. In hydroponic environments, eSoil is a low-power bioelectronics growth substrate that can electrically stimulate the root system and growth environment of plants. This novel substrate is not only environmentally friendly, but also offers a low energy, safe alternative to previous methods that required high voltage and non-biodegradable materials. eSoil is being derived from cellulose and a conductive polymer called PEDOT. Working - When the roots of…
30 December, 2023
R&D
India aims to set up a new research station in Antarctica near the Maitri station in the eastern part of the icy continent by 2029. The existing Indian research station, Maitri is very old, is imperative to build a new research station. Dakshin Gangotri, India's 1st research station in Antarctica, was commissioned in 1983 had to be abandoned in 1989 after being submerged in snow.
27 December, 2023
R&D
Scientists have found evidence of a key ingredient for life and a powerful source of energy that could fuel it on Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus. They analysed data from NASA’s Cassini mission and found confirmation that hydrogen cyanide, a key life molecule, exists on the icy moon.
21 December, 2023
R&D
The 5G RAN technology developed by 2 IITs and the R&D arm of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology was handed over to Indian tech company for commercial applications. 5G RAN uses 5G radio frequencies to provide wireless connectivity to devices. A radio access network (RAN) is a key component of a mobile telecommunication system that connects devices like smartphones to a network via a radio link.
15 December, 2023
R&D
It is an initiative proposed by India to advance research in the field of millets and other ancient grains. The initiative's secretariat is based at the Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) in Hyderabad. Technical Support - International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 1 CGIAR Centres, and other international organizations.
06 December, 2023
R&D
Recently scientists have detected disturbances in Earth’s magnetic field called G1 geomagnetic storms, which are temporary disturbances in the planet’s magnetic field due to solar sparks. As a result of this geomagnetic storm, people living in northern and southern latitudes can witness more beautiful northern and southern lights, also known as aurorae Solar flares are categorised into 4 different classes B (Too small to harm Earth), C (Noticeable consequences on the planet), M (Bit more serious and can cause limited radio blackouts), X (Most dangerous, potentially causing planet-wide radio blackouts with strong radiation emissions).
26 November, 2023
R&D
For the first time, scientists were able to visualise plants sensing compounds released by other plants in danger. GLV – A group of compounds that a plant releases into the air when it is injured which may be a warning to other plants that danger is near. They consist of six carbon (C6) compounds including alcohols, aldehydes and esters which are released from almost every plant. 2 major defence mechanisms When a plant is damaged, GLVs are released as by-products. Plants can make themselves less palatable or even indigestible to the insect attackers. When an insect takes a bite of a plant leaf, calcium ions flood the leaves in the cells. Future prospects –…
24 November, 2023
R&D
Miniscule Objects A recent study at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has demonstrated that a brain-inspired image sensor can identify minute items like cellular components or nanoparticles that are undetectable to modern microscopes by going beyond the diffraction limit of light. What kind of technology is this? The method, which makes use of optical microscopy, a neuromorphic camera, and machine learning algorithms, represents a significant advance in the ability to identify objects smaller than 50 nanometers. Optical microscopes cannot discriminate between two objects that are smaller than a specific size due to the diffraction limit (typically 200-300 nanometers). The…
27 February, 2023
R&D
Indian Biological Data Centre (IBDC) The Indian Biological Data Bank was recently established by the government at the Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad. Indian Biological Data Centre (IBDC) is the alternative name for the Indian Biological Data Centre. Describe IBDC. IBDC is the first national repository for life science data in India, allowing academics from all around the country to access the data as well as submit it. All life science data produced by publically sponsored research in India must be archived in the IBDC. The Department of Biotechnology provides funding for the data centre (DBT). In association with…
18 November, 2022
R&D
Xenotransplantation In the first-ever transplant of a gene-edited pig heart to a person, the genetically altered pig heart pumped more slowly than usual. Only 61 days passed following the transplant for the human recipient. Such transplant attempts in the past have likewise failed. Describe Xenotransplantation. The transplantation of animal tissues or organs into human recipients is known as xenotransplantation. Gene editing was used in a recent pig-to-human heart transplant to eliminate sugar from the cells that cause incredibly quick organ rejection. A collection of scientific techniques known as genome editing, sometimes known as gene editing, allow researchers to alter an…
10 November, 2022
R&D
Vaccine for Malaria: A New Hope After four doses given to young children, the RTS, S/AS01 (Mosquirix) malaria vaccine shows a limited level of efficacy and reduces cases of severe malaria by just 30%. It still has a big impact on public health and has the potential to save thousands of lives annually. Regarding the vaccines GlaxoSmithKline created RTS, S/AS01 for the purpose of immunizing children. It falls short of the 2015 standard set by the WHO for the effectiveness of the malaria vaccine, which was 75%. Another malaria vaccine, R21/Matrix M, created by the University of Oxford in the…
10 November, 2022
R&D
Carbon Dating A Varanasi district court recently denied a request to carbon date a disputed structure that was allegedly discovered on the grounds of the Gyanvapi Mosque. How does carbon dating work? Carbon dating is a popular technique for figuring out how old organic materials—i.e., things that were once alive—are. Carbon exists in a variety of forms in all living things. The carbon-14 (C-14) dating method is based on the fact that C-14 is radioactive and decays at a predictable rate. The carbon isotope C-14 has an atomic mass of 14. C-12 is the most prevalent form of carbon in…
17 October, 2022
R&D
Nobel Prize 2022 in Medicine/Physiology Svante Pääbo, a Swedish biologist, just received the 2022 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution. David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, two American scientists, received the award in 2021 for their work identifying the receptors for temperature and touch. What are Svante Paabo's Research's Key Highlights? Human development and the nearest living relatives of modern humans, the Neanderthals, evolved outside of Africa and lived in Europe and Western Asia from about 400,000 years ago until 30,000 years ago, when they went extinct. Homo sapiens…
05 October, 2022
R&D
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 has been given to Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless "for the creation of Click Chemistry and Bioorthogonal Chemistry." Sharpless (who won a second time) developed the term "click chemistry" and put a lot of effort into it. Independent of Sharpless, Meldal developed a unique chemical structure called a "triazole," which has a wide range of important uses. Bertozzi then advanced by creating "bioorthogonal" click reactions, which could function inside living creatures (a term she coined). Benjamin List and David MacMillan received the 2021 Nobel…
05 October, 2022
R&D
National Programme on Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) Energy Storage Recently, NITI Aayog presented a report on the current status and future trends in the ACC battery sector. About The report emphasizes the potential role of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme on ACC energy storage in creating domestic economic value. The policies and incentives recommended in this report could pave the way for top-level battery manufacturers to invest in India. National Programme on Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) Energy Storage Nodal Ministry: the Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Government of India Budget allocation: Rs. 18,100 crores Target: Manufacturing capacity…
19 September, 2022
R&D
Artificial Sun In recent years, South Korean scientists have developed an "artificial sun" in an effort to produce endless clean energy. Details about the news In their quest for clean nuclear energy, researchers from Seoul National University and the Korea Institute of Fusion Energy have made a significant advancement by building an "artificial sun" at the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) reactor. According to reports, the reactor experienced 30 seconds of temperatures up to 100 million degrees Celsius. In contrast, the sun's core reaches temperatures of about 15 million degrees. Earlier attempts Since 2006, Chinese researchers have been striving…
16 September, 2022
R&D
National Forensic Science University The Union Home and Cooperation Minister recently spoke at the National Forensic Science University's First Convocation (NFSU). Image Source - Shiksaha.com About National Forensic Science University In order to meet the severe scarcity and the rising need for forensic experts in India and around the world, it was formed by the Indian government in 2020. The National Forensic Sciences University is the first and only university in the world devoted to forensic, behavioural, cybersecurity, digital forensics, and associated sciences. It has the status of an Institution of National Importance. Its campuses have been established outside of…
30 August, 2022
R&D
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY As per a study by the United States of America, due to climate change, one-third of all animal and plant species on the planet could face extinction by 2070. Environmentalists consider synthetic biology or ‘synbio’ as a potential tool to preserve biodiversity and restore the natural ecosystem. In the case of India, a draft foresight paper on synthetic biology released by the Department of Biotechnology has stressed the need for a national policy that can consolidate India’s stand on the issue. What is synthetic biology? Synthetic biology combines biotechnological tools with ideas from engineering, computer sciences, and design…
22 July, 2022
R&D
WISER Programme for Women researchers in joint R&D Pro A first-of-its-kind programme to promote women in the field of research and development through lateral entry was launched. The programme called Women’s Involvement in Science and Engineering Research (WISER) program was launched by Indo-German Science & Technology Centre (IGSTC) for encouraging women researchers in joint R&D projects. This program by IGSTC, a joint initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Government of Germany, will support women scientists holding regular/long-term research positions in academia or research institutes/industry. Involvement…
27 November, 2021
R&D
SWADESH - World’s First Brain Imaging Data & Analytics DBT-National Brain Research Centre (DBT-NBRC) has recently developed project SWADESH - World’s First Brain Imaging Data & Analytics is a unique brain initiative focusing on certified neuroimaging, neurochemical, neuropsychological data and analytics that are made accessible to researchers for managing brain disorders. SWADESH is the first large-scale multimodal neuroimaging database designed specifically for the Indian population with big-data architecture and analytics for various disease categories (Fig. 1) under one platform. To strengthen Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research and help scientific community come up with promising treatments. SWADESH proposes a big-data architecture that manages…
27 November, 2021
R&D
Stem Cells research in India Stem cells are special human cells that have the ability to develop into many different cell types (from muscle to brain). In some cases, they also have the ability to repair damaged tissues. Stem cells differ from other kinds of cells in the body. Self-renewal: They can divide and renew themselves for long periods. Unspecialised: It does not have any tissue-specific structure that allows it to perform specialized functions. Potency: Specialised cells can be derived from stem cells through a process called differentiation. They are divided into 2: Embryonic stem cells: come from unused embryos resulting from an in-vitro fertilisation. They are pluripotent meaning that they can…
31 July, 2021
R&D
Tech developed for Improved Lithium-ion Battery Performance Researchers from IIT Guwahati have developed a technique to improve the performance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which power most of the portable devices used today. New Technology The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was jointly awarded to Stanley Whittingham, John Goodenough and Akira Yoshino for work that led to the development of lithium-ion batteries. These batteries are used in most mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops and power banks, among other devices. Today, most Electrical Vehicles (EV) use Li-ion batteries as well, but are slowly reaching their theoretical limits of being able to provide roughly up to 300-watt hour…
12 April, 2021
R&D
PRISM Scheme by Ministry of Science & Tech Union Minister for Science & Technology inaugurated the PRISM (Promoting Innovations in Individuals, Startups, and MSMEs) scheme recently. About PRISM Scheme: PRISM is an initiative of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research(DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology. To help an individual innovator to become a successful technopreneur. It promotes, supports, and funds implementable and commercially viable innovations created for society. Under the initiative, an innovator of Indian nationality – student, professional and common citizen is eligible. Eligible candidates are provided with technical, strategic, and financial assistance by DSIR-PRISM. Assistance is provided in…
02 April, 2021
R&D
Aluminium Air Batteries Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. has entered into a joint venture with Israel-based battery technology start-up Phinergy to develop aluminium-air technology-based battery systems. These batteries utilise oxygen in the air which reacts with an aluminium hydroxide solution to oxidise the aluminium and produce electricity. These batteries are said to be a lower-cost and more energy-dense alternative to lithium-ion batteries, which are currently in use in India. These batteries can be used for electric vehicles and stationary storage, as well as hydrogen storage solutions. The downside of aluminium-air batteries is that they cannot be recharged like lithium-ion batteries. So,…
23 March, 2021
R&D
Mass Spectrometry Mass spectrometry is an analytical method useful for calculating the mass–to–charge ratio ( m / z) of one or more molecules. Using this, researchers can ionise or break down the compound into simple ions and then identify the molecules based on their masses. The current process of ionisation requires electrical potential of a few kilovolts, heat or high-energy ultraviolet lasers (UV-lasers). But now, a new method has been developed soft ionisation using nanosheets which eliminates the need for external energy sources completely. Molybdenum disulphide was used over a sheet of paper that enabled the electrical flow of current. This…
28 February, 2021
R&D
IISER scientists identify the gene that greens plants GS Paper III S&T (Prelims 2021) What is the news? Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) have identified a gene that facilitates in the greening of plants by playing a crucial role in regulating the levels of protochlorophyllide — an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the green pigment chlorophyll. The study was recently published in the prestigious U.K. journal New Phytologist. How is the synthesis of Chlorophyll? The synthesis of chlorophyll in plants is a lengthy, multistep process. When a seedling emerges from under the soil it…
26 December, 2020
R&D
GLOBAL INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY ALLIANCE GS-III – S&T (PT-MAINS-I.V) Context: 9th Foundation Day of GITA, the Union Minister of Science & Technology underlined how the Global Innovation and Technology Alliance (GITA) served as a catalyst for nurturing innovation and industrial R&D. About: Global Innovation & Technology Alliance (GITA) is a “not–for–profit” Section-8 Public Private Partnership (PPP) company. It is promoted jointly by the Technology Development Board (TDB), the Department of Science & Technology (DST), the Government of India and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). The Prime Minister’s Council on Trade & Industry had, in 2010, recommended the incorporation of…
29 November, 2020
R&D
Nobel Prizes 2020 3 scientists share Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Americans Harvey J Alter and Charles M Rice, and British scientist Michael Houghton have been awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. Their Contributions: The trio’s work helped explain a major source of blood-borne hepatitis that couldn’t be explained by the hepatitis A and B viruses. Their discovery has essentially eliminated post-transfusion hepatitis in many parts of the world. Their discovery also allowed the rapid development of antiviral drugs directed at hepatitis C. Basics: What is Hepatitis C? It is…
13 October, 2020
R&D
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