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Jakarta To Borneo The Government of Indonesia disclosed the location of the nation's new capital to demonstrate the progress made on the city's construction. About On the Indonesian side of Borneo, in the province of East Kalimantan, is where Nusantara, the future capital, is situated. East Kalimantan is a region on Borneo island that is shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. It has abundant water resources and livable terrain. Motives for Change Roughly 10 million people are living in Jakarta, and there are three times as many in the surrounding metropolitan area. The fastest-sinking metropolis in the world is Jakarta,…
17 March, 2023
South East Asia
Asia Energy Transition By extending its "Asia Energy Transition Initiative" (AETI) Japan intends to assist India in leading the transition to renewable energy. The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries received its first support from Japan's AETI, which was launched in 2021, to achieve net zero emissions, including financial aid of USD 10 billion for renewable energy. Highlight Goal: To attain carbon neutrality in Asia and sustainable growth. It was initially focused on encouraging the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member nations to push for net-zero carbon emissions. The initiative encourages the creation of energy transition…
13 March, 2023
South East Asia
INDIA-VIETNAM DEFENCE TIES The maritime domain has taken centre stage in the bilateral talks between India and Vietnam. Progress of India’s Act East Policy, maritime multilateralism, maritime security outreach, and the building of a strong network across the Indo- Pacific are a key element which has made Delhi and Hanoi new natural partners. What are the key elements that have made India and Vietnam natural partners? Vietnam is an important partner in India’s Act East policy and the Indo-Pacific vision and the two countries share a rich history of civilization and cultural linkages spanning more than 2,000 years. Both the…
27 June, 2022
South East Asia
Jakarta summit-Myanmar and ASEAN after coup Introduction On February 1, Army trucks and tanks rolled into the streets of Naypyidaw and Yangon, signaling the military’s overthrow of a government in which it had a sizeable share of power. The generals felt insecure with the landslide victory of the Aung San Suu Kyi-led National League for Democracy (NLD) in the November 2020 elections. They decided to exert full control and terminate the experiment of transition to democracy that their wiser predecessors had initiated in 2010. Paying a hefty price The costs of this political U-turn have been high. People clashed with…
13 May, 2021
South East Asia
EU's Support to Southeast Asia against Climate Change The European Union (EU) has earmarked millions of euros for supporting climate-friendly development in Southeast Asia after the EU became a “strategic partner” of the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) bloc in December 2020. Other Talking Points Multilateral Assistance: The EU is the largest provider of development assistance to the ASEAN region and has committed millions of euros to various environmental programs. This includes 5 million Euros to the ASEAN Smart Green Cities initiative and another 5 million Euros towards a new means of preventing deforestation, called the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade in ASEAN. Along…
10 April, 2021
South East Asia
Myanmar coup-The way forward Introduction The Myanmar junta should heed the people and respect the election results Background of the coup Ever since the military captured power in Myanmar seven weeks ago, the country has steadily descended into political and economic chaos. When the Generals toppled the democratically elected government, detained its leaders, including State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint, and declared a state of emergency with prohibitory orders, they may have thought that they could quickly consolidate power through force. But they were proved wrong as tens of thousands of people stood up against the…
23 March, 2021
South East Asia
India’s approach towards the Rohingya refugees Introduction India would be in breach of international law in turning its back on the people of Myanmar The world has been watching Myanmar descend into a brutal military dictatorship again. The scenes from the past few weeks have been terrible — peaceful protestors being killed, detained, and communities terrorised. In all this, the people of Myanmar have been pleading with the international community to support them in their hour of need. It is incumbent upon Myanmar’s neighbours to stand up for rule of law, democracy and human rights. Engaging in doublespeak While many…
23 March, 2021
South East Asia
The military coup in Myanmar Introduction The military, which had shared power with Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) for five years, orchestrated the coup on February 1, hours before the country’s newly elected Parliament, in which the NLD had a huge majority, was set to convene. Details The military, which controlled Myanmar through direct rule for almost 50 years since independence from Britain in 1948, has now deployed the familiar repressive tactics. Tatmadaw has detained Ms Suu Kyi, President Win Myint and several of the NLD’s other top leaders, suspended the Internet, blocked social networks and…
24 February, 2021
South East Asia
The way forward in Myanmar By, The author was a member of the UN Secretary-General’s Good offices on Myanmar Introduction Surprisingly, the government announced a pre-scheduled referendum on the military-scripted constitution around the same time. Amid limited communication channels available to reach out to Myanmar generals, there were calls for international military intervention to secure access to relief as the Myanmar military refused to allow foreign aid. It took several rounds of diplomacy from various members of the international community to gain access. This sums up the zeitgeist of Myanmar generals and the dilemma before the international community of isolating…
05 February, 2021
South East Asia
Myanmar Military rule In one swift operation, Myanmar’s military establishment has wiped out a decade of the country’s democratisation process. By arresting President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and the rest of the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) leadership, and declaring military rule under a state of emergency for at least a year, General Min Aung Hlaing has made it clear that it is the military that is in charge, and he is not particularly concerned about the opposition to or condemnation of the move. The immediate reason for the coup was that the newly elected…
03 February, 2021
South East Asia
Why did the Military stage a coup in Myanmar? Myanmar’s powerful military chief Min Aung Hlaing had raised doubts about last year’s election results even before the polls were held. “We are in a situation where we need to be cautious,” he told the local media before the November 8 elections. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) swept the polls by winning almost 80% of the vote, while the Army-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) suffered a humiliating defeat. The USDP did not accept the result. The military backed the USDP’s allegations of fraud, without…
03 February, 2021
South East Asia
Setback in Myanmar Military coup in Myanmar In one swift operation, Myanmar’s military establishment has wiped out a decade of the country’s democratisation process. By arresting President Win Myint, State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and the rest of the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) leadership, and declaring military rule under a state of emergency for at least a year, General Min Aung Hlaing has made it clear that it is the military that is in charge, and he is not particularly concerned about the opposition to or condemnation of the move. Reason for the coup The immediate reason…
03 February, 2021
South East Asia
Booting out partial democracy Historical background The Myanmar army seized power, turning a partial democracy into a full-fledged military rule, yet again. 1962, 1988 and 1990 are the milestone years when the generals took similar drastic actions to overthrow a democratic government or derail people’s expressed preferences. Between March 2016 and January 2021, the National League for Democracy (NLD) led by Aung San Suu Kyi shared power with the military. This was a bold experiment to govern an intensely complex nation in Southeast Asia. Myanmar thus became a car driven by two drivers. Emergency or coup? To explain the military’s…
03 February, 2021
South East Asia
India and Vietnam Relations for UPSC GS-PAPER-2 International Relation- Political science (Mains) Context: Guided by ACT East Asia policy and Indo-Pacific strategy India is working towards EXTENDED NEIGHBOURHOOD. The role of Vietnam is very critical for India ranging from Strategic to Energy security. This topic is highly important for UPSC mains and Political science. India and Vietnam signed seven pacts during their virtual summit, in areas such as defence, petrochemicals, and nuclear energy, and agreed to intensify their development partnership that will enable the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and develop capabilities to address climate change. Memorandums of Understanding: Specific agreement will cover USD 5 million Indian…
26 December, 2020
South East Asia
India, China, and Myanmar poll Context Myanmar will vote on November 8 in an election that is being seen as test of Aung San Suu Kyi’s leadership of the country over the last five years. In the last elections in 2015, the Suu Kyi-led National League for Democracy won a landslide victory. Rohingya and the vote As many as 7 to 8 lakh Rohingya fled to Bangladesh when the Army began a crackdown on an alleged terrorist group in 2017 in Rakhine province, home to this Muslim minority group. The Army action was backed by Suu Kyi and her government.…
07 November, 2020
South East Asia
Showdown in Thailand: On student protests Context The protests are unlikely to die down without a reversal of recent anti-democratic steps Student protests in Thailand: The Thai government’s decision to issue an emergency decree, banning public gatherings and censoring the media, demonstrates both its acknowledgement of the seriousness of the challenge it is facing in the wake of months-long street protests and its refusal to address the actual problems. The protests, by students against the authoritarian government of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha have since grown into a large political movement, raising challenges for the government and also to the monarchy,…
16 October, 2020
South East Asia
More sabre-rattling, more isolation By, Jayant Prasad, a former diplomat, served as Director General of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Context * The Philippines invoked the dispute settlement mechanism of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 2013 to test the legality of China’s ‘nine-dash line’ regarding the disputed Spratlys. * In response, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) at The Hague decreed in its July 12, 2016 judgment that the line had “no legal basis.” China dismissed the judgment as “null and void.” * The South China Sea (SCS) is important not just…
08 July, 2020
South East Asia
VINBAX VINBAX is the military exercise between the armies of India and Vietnam. It is the first-ever such exercise boosting defence ties between the two countries. It is going to be held in Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. The joint exercise has been specially designed to enable and train officers from Vietnam in United Nations Peace Keeping Operations. India – Vietnam relations India and Vietnam signed a protocol on defence cooperation in 1994. The partnership was thereafter elevated to a strategic level in 2007. A pact on boosting bilateral defence cooperation was signed in 2009. The strategic partnership was elevated to a Comprehensive…
06 June, 2020
South East Asia
India-Myanmar relations Syllabus subtopic: India and its Neighborhood- Relations. Prelims and Mains focus: about the details of the agreement signed; about India-Myanmar relations News: The visiting Myanmar President U Win Myint had a meeting with PM Modi on important bilateral issues. The two sides signed 10 agreements with a focus on the socioeconomic development of Myanmar. Key takeaways from the meeting Some of the major takeaways are Bus service between Manipur’s Imphal and Myanmar’s Mandalay, more Rakhine state development programme projects, medical radiation equipment for the treatment of cancer patients, cooperation on petroleum, including in…
28 February, 2020
South East Asia
ADMM-Plus meeting Syllabus subtopic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. News: The latest ADMM-Plus meeting where Defence Ministers of ASEAN countries and eight other nations would gather and discuss the way forward for security cooperation, is being held in Bangkok. Prelims and Mains focus: ADMM- Plus- composition, objectives and significance. ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus): Consistent with the ADMM guiding principles of open and outward-looking, the 2nd ADMM in Singapore in 2007 adopted the Concept Paper to establish the ADMM-Plus. The ADMM-Plus is a platform for ASEAN and its eight Dialogue Partners to strengthen security and defence…
18 November, 2019
South East Asia
Rohingyas to be moved to Bhansan Char Context: Bangladesh is racing to turn an uninhabited and muddy Bay of Bengal island into home for 100,000 Rohingya Muslims who have fled a military crackdown in Myanmar, amid conflicting signals from top Bangladeshi officials about whether the refugees would end up being stranded there. News: Bhansan Char island would be a “temporary arrangement” to ease congestion at the camps in Cox’s Bazar, refuge for nearly 700,000 who have crossed from the north of Myanmar’s Rakhine state . Rohingyas would only be able to leave the island if they wanted to go…
21 October, 2019
South East Asia
RCEP TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ON STICKY GROUND Context : RCEP countries are expected to finalize the free trade agreement among their member countries by November 2019. The Leaders Summit will be held on November 4th in Bangkok, Thailand. What is RCEP? Members: It includes 10 ASEAN members as well as India, China, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea. RCEP consists of 47 % of the World Population, one-third of the global GDP and 27% of global trade. Advantages of RCEP : 1. It will bring stability to trade relations in an area where such ties have historically been unpredictable. 2.…
20 October, 2019
South East Asia
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