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Indo-Pacific During the 18th Heads of Asian Coast Guard Agencies Meeting (HACGAM) in New Delhi, the Indian Defense Minister stressed the importance of using ocean resources sustainably for economic growth while protecting the ecosystem's health. He added that India supports open maritime borders with rules in the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific region is what? The Indo-Pacific is a relatively new idea. The Indo-Pacific region first came to prominence about ten years ago; since then, it has grown significantly. Understanding that the Indian Ocean and the Pacific are linked strategic theatres is one of the factors contributing to the term's adoption. Also,…
18 October, 2022
Indo Pacific Region
PARTNERS IN THE BLUE PACIFIC US, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the United Kingdom have launched the new initiative known as ‘Partners in the Blue Pacific’ for effective and efficient cooperation with the small island nation of the region. It aims to enhance cooperation in the area of the climate crisis, connectivity, transportation, maritime security and protection, prosperity, health, and education. The Pacific Island countries (small island nations of the pacific) are the cluster of 14 nations located largely in the tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean between Australia, Asia, and the Americas. They include Kiribati, Republic of Marshall Islands,…
30 June, 2022
Indo Pacific Region
Indo Pacific Region: Detailed Overview The Indo-Pacific Region, sometimes known as the Indo–West Pacific or Indo–Pacific Asia, is a biogeographic region of Earth's seas, comprising the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia. It does not include the temperate and polar regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans, nor the Tropical Eastern Pacific, along the Pacific coast of the Americas, which is also a distinct marine realm. The term first appeared in academic use in oceanography and geopolitics. Since the late 2010s, the…
16 November, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
AUKUS could rock China’s boat in the Indo-Pacific Context: AUKUS could rock China’s boat in the Indo-Pacific is an important topic for UPSE GS Paper2. What is AUKUS? It is a trilateral security agreement between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States announced on September 16, is a landmark coalition for many reasons. In the aftermath of the Afghan rout, it is a powerful signal from the US that it is still in the game as the most important world power, and that the traditional Anglo-Saxon alliance that has fought several wars on the same side for over a hundred…
08 November, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Indo Pacific What is Indo Pacific? The “Indo-Pacific” idea was originally conceived in 2006- 07. It was 1st time used by Shinzo Abe in Japan in 2007. Ministry of External Affairs has set up a dedicated Indo-Pacific division for matters related to the Indo-Pacific. The term ‘Indo-Pacific’ combines the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and the Western Pacific Region (WP) – inclusive of the contiguous seas off East Asia and Southeast Asia – into a singular regional construct. The US was reinvigorated in the 2017 East Asia Summit. The US wants an open, free, inclusive, prosperous and rule-based Indo-Pacific system. Significance of Indo-Pacific…
27 October, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Quad and globalization Context: Quad is a topic important for MAINS and Personality test – Political science optional "Can QUAD preserve the essence of GLOBALISATION when CHINA aggressively pursuing the policy of ONE china" United States, Australia, India, and Japan established a joint regional infrastructure plan “QUAD” to counter China’s multibillion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This plan is not a “rival” but an “alternative” to the BRI, it reflects these countries’ dilemma in how to deal with what they perceive as “the China threat.” What is QUAD? QUAD is an informal strategic grouping among above 4 countries for peaceful…
27 October, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
India-Japan relations- in relation to countering China Introduction Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga has turned out to be a true successor of his predecessor, Shinzo Abe, on the foreign policy front as he prioritises Indo-Pacific strategy. Steps to be taken by USA and Japan to contain China The recent meeting between President of the United States, Joe Biden, and Mr. Suga has revolved around China. Joint Security partnership They even talked about joint security partnership given the need to address China’s recent belligerence in territorial disputes in the South and East China Seas as well as in the Taiwan Strait.…
01 May, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Indo-Pacific v/s. Greater Eurasian Alliance Introduction This article talks about the rising tensions between the major powers which are the USA, Russia and China and the importance of the 4 nations which will decide the future of the multipolar world order. 4 nations to script the emerging World order Japan, Iran, Turkey and India are well set to shape the emerging world order USA on the Indo-Pacific region USA considers the “Indo-Pacific” as an area of strategic significance for the U.S. and the associated alignment that gives shape and substance to this geopolitical concept — the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, or…
16 April, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Freedom of Navigation Operation (FPNOP) by US near Lakshadweep Introduction India’s strategic community was agitated last week when the USS John Paul Jones carried out a freedom of navigation operation (FONOP) 130 nautical miles west of the Lakshadweep Islands. Indian observers reacted with shock and dismay at what some described as an unnecessary provocation by the U.S. Navy. The disquiet in Delhi was heightened by an unusual press release by the Commander, U.S. 7th Fleet, that said the operation, which was carried out in India’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ), “asserted navigational rights and freedoms... without requesting India’s prior consent”. Many…
13 April, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
U.S. and China need each other Introduction U.S. President Joe Biden has called Chinese President Xi Jinping and North Korean President Kim Jong-un “thugs”, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan an “autocrat” and Russian President Vladimir Putin a “killer”. The public is accustomed to read-outs about conversations between international leaders. These often portray a righteous West instructing the world on how to behave by constructing a media narrative for the domestic audience. Confrontation and competition Former U.S. President Donald Trump accused China of unfair trade practices and pursued a dual policy of offering deals and threatening sanctions, but China continued to…
06 April, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Alaska summit outcomes (US-China relations) Quad in focus ‘America is back: The message was broadly a three-pronged one: that under the new U.S. President, “America is back” in terms of: its desire to play a leading role in other regions, that it views China as its primary challenger for that leadership, and that the Quad partnership is ready to mount a counter-challenge, albeit in “soft-power” terms at present. Quad members’ issues with China: The Quad partners had raised their issues with China, including [China’s] coercion of Australia, their harassment around the Senkaku Islands, and their aggression on the border with…
20 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Alaska meet (U.S-China summit) Introduction This news talks about Alaska's meeting to be held between the USA and China, the areas of contention between them and its impact on the world economy. Areas of contention between USA and China The meeting comes on the back of tensions that spiralled during the Trump administration around trade tariffs, 5G telecommunication, tech espionage, Chinese maritime actions and U.S. sanctions on China, and further exacerbated over the pandemic, which Mr Trump called the “China virus”. Biden administration officials have said that they will bring up China’s crackdown in Xinjiang and Hong Kong, Chinese aggression…
19 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
The U.K. turns to Indo – Pacific in post-Brexit foreign policy What is Indo Pacific? The term Indo Pacific was first time used by Shinzo Abe in Japan in 2007. The “Indo-Pacific” idea was originally conceived in 2006- 07. One of the reasons behind the popularity of this term is an understanding that the Indian Ocean and the Pacific are linked strategic theatres. Also, the centre of gravity has shifted to Asia. The reason is maritime routes, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific provide the sea lanes. The majority of the world’s trade passes through these oceans. There was a…
17 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Outcomes of Quad virtual summit-2021 Introduction The maiden Quadrilateral Security Dialogue summit of the leaders of Australia, India, Japan and the U.S. on March 12 was a defining moment in Asian geopolitics. The Quad is no longer a loose coalition. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 triggered cooperation among the navies and governments of the Quad powers. They sought to forge diplomatic cooperation on regional issues in 2006-08, but gave up mainly because China objected to it and the hostility to China was not yet a potent enough glue. This began to change in 2017 when Beijing’s behaviour turned hostile,…
16 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Quad Virtual Summit-2021 Introduction The virtual summit that brought together leaders of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, or Quad has countered the popular perception that the Quad is merely a “talk-shop”. Details of the summit The outcomes include a vaccine initiative and joint working groups to cooperate on critical technology as well as climate change. Vaccine Initiative: The vaccine initiative comes with an ambitious deadline: a billion vaccines by the end of 2022, made in India with U.S. technology, Japanese funding and Australian distribution networks to reach as many Indo-Pacific countries as possible. Emission reduction: The four Quad countries will ensure…
15 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Virtual Quad Summit The first-ever leadership Quad summit was held virtually. Key Takeaways The leaders have called for a free and open Indo-Pacific backed by democratic values, and not by coercion. The leaders have also pledged to promote a free, open rules-based order, rooted in international. About Quad summit: The quad summit is the strategic dialogue between 4 India, the United States, Japan, and Australia. The grouping traces its genesis to 2004 when the four countries came together to coordinate relief operations in the aftermath of the tsunami. However, the idea of the Quad summit was initiated in 2007 by…
13 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Quad grouping: strategic opportunity or quagmire? Introduction The grouping neither shares a strategic vision nor is it animated by a shared agenda Details Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison has remarked that the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, known briefly as Quad, would soon meet at summit level, thus signalling the importance attached to this grouping by the Biden administration. The Quad, which comprises the U.S., Japan, Australia and India, had in February been described by the U.S. State Department as having “essential momentum and important potential”. Rise of Quad India’s engagement with the Quad goes back to China’s expanding footprint in South…
10 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Quad Group and India What is Quad grouping? Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) is the informal strategic dialogue between India, the USA, Japan and Australia with a shared objective to support a “free, open and prosperous” Indo-Pacific region, that China seeks to threaten. The manner of China’s dismissal of the Arbitral Award in the dispute with the Philippines on the South China Sea, militarisation of the islands in the region and individual conflicts with Quad countries have once again brought the four countries onto the same page and given a second chance to the Quad. Engaging with Quad may serve two…
06 March, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Taking the long view with China Introduction India and China remained committed to a multipolar world, they should recognise that a “multipolar Asia” was one of its essential constituents. The Year End Review of the Ministry of Defence pertinently refers to the “sanctity of our claims in Eastern Ladakh” instead of the term “border” used since 1954, opening space for a settlement. We are now confidently moving out of the predicament that Jawaharlal Nehru placed us in Kashmir, fully integrating it into the Indian Union and consolidating our claim line. India’s balance of ties between Russia and USA We have…
11 February, 2021
Indo Pacific Region
Shifting sands for Asian economies Context Discussions on the post-pandemic global economy have often predicted that China’s appeal as a business destination would fade, losing favour as the global manufacturing hub. Arguments have been made that production would be dispersed to other appealing locations mostly in Asia, and even to those outside. It was expected that this relocation of production would benefit emerging labour-abundant economies. Some labour-intensive industries, such as textiles and apparel, have been moving to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka as labour costs in China are increasing. But trends in other industries show that businesses have mostly remained in…
18 November, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
Threat or treat: on RCEP trade deal Context The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) was signed into existence on Sunday by 15 countries led by China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and the 10-state ASEAN grouping, making it the world’s largest trading bloc. India and RCEP Noticeable by its absence was India, which after seven years of protracted negotiations decided last November to exit the grouping. India had justified its decision as protecting its economy from burgeoning trade deficits with a majority of the 15 RCEP members and had cited the grouping’s refusal to accede to its requests on…
17 November, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
Reinventing Non-Alignment Introduction: The face-off between India and China in Ladakh and the plans for annexation of the West Bank by Israel have brought matters of global power dynamics to the fore. Historical Background: Unipolar world: In the 1990s, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, commentators such as Francis Fukuyama were quick in announcing the “end of history” and labelling ideology as unimportant and irrelevant in the conduct of global politics. The supposedly unipolar world that came into being after the Cold War, with the US acting as the global policeman and leader in all institutions, facilitated the march…
26 October, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
Quadrilateral home truths Context: Recently, the foreign ministers of Australia, India, Japan and the U.S. held a standalone meeting in Tokyo. This move has been viewed in geo-strategic circles as a move toward formal recognition of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD). At the meet, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo singled out China as a threat to the region, highlighting its increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Mekong, the Himalayas and the Taiwan Straits. The three other Foreign Ministers, including External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, did not directly mention China. They did, however, express…
14 October, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
On the Quad, define the idea, chart a path Context: It is reported that the second Ministerial meeting of the four countries under the Quad will be held in Japan. Mr. Abe was a strategic thinker who thought beyond the limited timeframe of Japanese revolving-door politics. In 2007, the Quad (the United States, Japan, India, and Australia) was an idea whose time had not yet come. That was a different world. Quad: Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) is the informal strategic dialogue between India, USA, Japan and Australia with a shared objective to ensure and support a “free, open and prosperous”…
05 October, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
Time to shift focus to the maritime sphere Context: This article talks about the need for India to shift its focus from continental strategies to the maritime sphere as its continental grand strategy is facing an existential crisis today. India’s continental strategy India is a country that is traditionally obsessed with a continental approach to war and peace. However, India might have reached a dead-end in terms of its grand strategic plans in the continental space. China and Pakistan: Given that reconciliation with its key adversaries (China and Pakistan) is unlikely and pursuing its ambitious territorial claims on the ground…
01 October, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
Why has Japan mooted the Supply Chain Resilience Initiative? Introduction: Japan has mooted the Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI) with the COVID-19 and trade tensions between Chins and US threatening supply chains and causing bottlenecks. This SCRI is a trilateral approach to trade, with India and Australia as the other two partners. Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI): The initiative aims to reduce the dependency on a single nation (at present China). SCRI is a direct response to individual companies and economies concerned about Chinese political behaviour and the disruption that could lead to the supply chain. The initiative, first proposed…
01 September, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
Quad grouping Context: The article analyzes India’s dilemma with respect to closer coordination with the Quad. Origin of Quad: The Quad was born out of the crisis that followed the Tsunami in December 2004. India’s humanitarian and disaster relief effort in the Indian Ocean was coordinated with the three other naval powers engaged in similar efforts — U.S., Australia and Japan. Since then the idea of the Indo-Pacific as a larger maritime strategic community, and the Quad as an effective instrument in it, has gained credence among the four nations. In 2007, the annual India-U.S. ‘Malabar’ exercises included Japan, Australia…
27 July, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
China’s post-COVID aggression is reshaping Asia Context * China’s coronavirus “mask diplomacy” has given way to tense geopolitical confrontations with a growing array of its neighbours, from stand-offs with Vietnam and Malaysia in the South China Sea to threatening Australia with boycotts of wine, beef, barley, and Chinese students. Catalyst for change - Beijing’s blatant aggressiveness is accelerating long-standing debates about the underlying costs of reliance on China and spurring support for closer coordination between other Indo-Pacific partners. - The Indian, Japanese, Malaysian, and Australian governments have all taken concrete steps to reduce their economic exposure to Beijing, spanning…
16 July, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
India-Malaysia trade-dispute Syllabus subtopic: India and its neighbourhood- relations. Prelims and Mains focus: on the move to curb imports from Malaysia and its impact on trade relations between the two countries News: Trade tensions between India and Malaysia have aggravated with the Narendra Modi government’s latest move to restrict palm oil imports from the latter. Context: India has a trade deficit of $4.4 billion with Malaysia in FY19. Malaysia’s palm oil exports to India grew 73% in January-November 2019. What’s the backdrop for the stand-off? India-Malaysia ties turned bitter as the latter gave shelter in 2016 to…
16 January, 2020
Indo Pacific Region
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