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IMPORTANT CHINESE PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION The president of the People's Republic of China is the head of state of the People's Republic of China. The presidency is held simultaneously by the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, who also serves as the chairman of the Central Military Commission, thus is often the paramount leader of China. The presidency was first established in the Constitution in 1954 and successively held by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. Liu fell into political disgrace during the Cultural Revolution, after which the presidency became vacant. The presidency was abolished under the Constitution of 1975, then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982, but with reduced powers. The official English-language translation of…
15 November, 2021
China
Shenzhou-12 Manned Mission of China Recently, a Chinese spaceship “Shenzhou-12” carrying a three-person crew docked with China’s new space station module Tianhe-1. The first group of Chinese astronauts entered the country’s under-construction space station, a major step in China’s plans to have a fully functioning station by next year. Shenzhou-12 spaceship, carrying the three astronauts, completed an “automated rendezvous and docking” with the Tianhe module. Shenzhou-12 was launched from the Jiuquan launch centre in the Gobi desert. The three-man crew will be in orbit for three months. This is the first of two manned space missions planned for this year,…
18 June, 2021
China
Taiwan reports the largest incursion by Chinese forces As many as 28 Chinese air force aircraft, including fighters and nuclear-capable bombers, entered Taiwan’s air defence identification zone (ADIZ) on Tuesday, the island’s government said. It is the largest reported incursion to date. Taiwan has complained over the last few months of repeated missions by China’s air force near the self-ruled island, concentrated in the southwestern part of its air defence zone near the Taiwan-controlled Pratas Islands. The latest Chinese mission involved 14 J-16 and six J-11 fighters, as well as four H-6 bombers, which can carry nuclear weapons, and anti-submarine,…
16 June, 2021
China
Two Child Policy of China failed! China to allow a third child! China will for the first time allow couples to have a third child, in a further relaxation of family planning rules five years after a “two-child policy” largely failed to boost birth rates. The announcement followed a meeting of the 25-member Politburo, chaired by China’s President and Communist Party of China General Secretary Xi Jinping, “to hear reports on major policy measures to actively address the ageing of the population during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025). The change comes less than three weeks after the release of…
01 June, 2021
China
India’s demands for oxygen concentrators from China India’s demands India has asked Chinese authorities to ensure prices for key medical supplies remain stable as costs for oxygen concentrators and other critical goods have surged on the back of rising demand. The supply chain should remain open and product prices should remain stable Since April, orders for at least 40,000 oxygen concentrators have been placed by Indian companies with Chinese firms, of which 21,000 have so far been delivered, along with more than 5,000 ventilators, 21 million face masks and 3,800 tons of medicines Inflated costs of oxygen concentrators Chinese media…
14 May, 2021
China
China’s population growth slows to the slowest rate in decades China’s once-in-a-decade population census has recorded a slowing population growth rate that will likely see China’s population peak — and be overtaken by India’s — by as early as 2025, experts said, with the number of births falling for the fourth consecutive year. The seventh census, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Beijing, noted that 12 million babies were born last year, the lowest number since 1961, a year when China was in the midst of a four-year famine unleashed by Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward policy…
12 May, 2021
China
Russia-China relations Russia’s relations with China were currently at “the best in their entire history”, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said as he began a key visit to China on Monday. The visit comes shortly after the China-U.S. dialogue in Alaska and follows the first leaders’ summit of the Quad — India, Australia, Japan and the U.S. — held virtually. “In response, Russia and China are promoting a constructive and unifying agenda and hope that the international governance system would be fair and democratic, run smoothly and be based on extensive interaction between countries and their integration initiatives,” the official…
23 March, 2021
China
Dams on Brahmaputra River Cleared in China's 5-Year Plan A draft of 14th China’s new Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) has permitted the first dams to be built on the lower basin of the Yarlung Zangbo river (Brahmaputra’s name in Tibet) before it flows into India. It calls for building a hydropower base on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo river and clean energy bases in the Jinsha River. Jinsha River is the upper course of the Yangtze river in western China. The project is also listed along with the Sichuan-Tibet railway and the national water network. Brahmaputra River System Region…
10 March, 2021
China
India – China Border disputes: Pangong Tso India and China have completed disengagement on the north and south banks of Pangong Tso (lake) in eastern Ladakh, and the 10th round of Corps Commander talks are to be held in Moldo on the Chinese side to discuss pullbacks from other friction areas. Disengagement was fully complete as per an agreement and had been jointly verified by both sides. In line with the agreement, all landforms have been restored to that as existed before April 2020. As per the agreement for Pangong Tso, the next commander's talk is to be held within…
20 February, 2021
China
India – China border disputes The disengagement on the south bank of Pangong Tso (lake) will see Indian troops moving to their post in Chushul and Chinese troops to the Moldo garrison. In the next phase, additional Indian troops will move further down, around 40 km, to Tara-Rhongo post and Chinese troops to Dorjo, a senior government official told The Hindu. The main phase of disengagement on both banks of the lake is expected to begin on Saturday. “We will verify each step by all means, physical as well as electronic. The next priority is Depsang and Gogra-Hot Springs, where…
13 February, 2021
China
India – China Trade relations China still remains the largest source of critical imports for India, from mobile phone components to pharmaceutical ingredients, and India is working on a multi-pronged strategy to reduce this reliance, which is a bigger concern than the imbalance in trade. The trade deficit is not in dollars, it is in overdependence. “A mobile phone requires 85% content coming from one country. If China were to stop the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for penicillin, we would not be able to produce it in this country. When somebody controls your production, that is a sentiment which raises…
31 January, 2021
China
India China Ties: Way Forward ‘Recognition of mutual respect, mutual sensitivities and mutual interests is key to repairing India-China relations, after what he called a year of “exceptional stress” in a relationship “profoundly disturbed” by the border crisis. China’s actions last year had “not only signalled a disregard for commitments about minimising troop levels” but also “showed a willingness to breach the peace and tranquillity” on the border that had been the foundation for the relationship. For all the differences and disagreements that we may have had on the boundary, the central fact was that border areas still remained fundamentally…
29 January, 2021
China
Taiwan reports Chinese air incursions Eight Chinese bomber planes and four fighter jets entered the southwestern corner of Taiwan’s air defence identification zone on Saturday, and Taiwan’s Air Force deployed missiles to “monitor” the incursion, the island’s Defence Ministry said. China, which claims Taiwan as its own territory, has conducted almost daily flights over the waters between the southern part of Taiwan and the Taiwan-controlled Pratas Islands in the South China Sea in recent months. However, they have generally consisted of just one or two reconnaissance aircraft. The presence of so many Chinese combat aircraft on this mission — Taiwan…
24 January, 2021
China
India – China Trade relations India’s trade with China declined last year to the lowest level since 2017, with the trade deficit narrowing to a five-year low as the country imported far fewer goods from its northern neighbour. Bilateral trade slid 5.6% to $87.6 billion, according to new figures from China’s General Administration of Customs (GAC). India’s imports from China shrank by 10.8% to $66.7 billion, marking the lowest level of inbound shipments since 2016. India’s exports to China, however, jumped 16%, crossing the $20 billion mark for the first time to a record high of $20.86 billion. The trade…
16 January, 2021
China
India – China Border disputes Konchok Stanzin, a councillor from Chushul in Eastern Ladakh, says Chinese infrastructure that could not be seen from border villages earlier is now clearly visible as China continues to hold positions in areas within India’s perception of the Line of Actual Control. In an interview to The Hindu, Mr. Stanzin said residents had witnessed a large number of Chinese tents, bunkers and vehicles very close to the border villages in Chushul, Merak and Khakted, in a clear departure from the past. Pastures cut-off Mr. Stanzin said nomads who lived in villages close to Pangong Tso…
11 January, 2021
China
Geopolitics, China and India In the murky and chameleon-like world of contemporary geopolitics, adopting a sceptical approach to analyses and evaluation is often the best way forward. Nine months is a reasonable period to arrive at a holistic and reasonably acceptable evaluation of crises across domains. That the world was caught napping and brought to its knees by the COVID-19 pandemic is an undisputable proposition. In the grey zone at the global level is the absence of a definitive prognosis on the decline and rise of American and Chinese power, respectively. #joinourtelegram# Chance for middle powers The two heavyweights are…
09 January, 2021
China
China amends National Defence Law China’s President Xi Jinping has signed an order that has amended China’s National Defence Law, giving the Central Military Commission (CMC), which he heads, greater power in mobilising resources to protect a new and broader definition of what constitutes the national interest. The revised regulations on military equipment, which are effective as of January 1, focus on “war preparedness and combat capabilities”, the official Xinhua news agency reported on Sunday, adding that they “define the basic tasks, contents and management mechanisms for military equipment work under the new situation and system.” The document, which State…
04 January, 2021
China
China to launch 3rd Aircraft carrier in 2021 The launching of China’s third and largest aircraft carrier is likely to take place next year, with a renewed push to take forward military modernisation plans amid a number of territorial and maritime disputes. China one year ago launched its second aircraft carrier, the Shandong, which was the first to be built at home. It joined the Liaoning, which was developed by retrofitting a Soviet-era cruiser and commissioned in 2012. The Shandong, which has already been deployed in the Taiwan Straits and in the South China Sea, is only likely to be…
31 December, 2020
China
Security Challenges for India: China and Pakistan - UPSC Context: UPSC GS Paper II and Paper III: Security Challenges for India and India-China relations (Prelims Mains Interview) Till recently, any mention of a two-front war evoked two contrasting opinions. India’s military was firm of the view that a collusive China-Pakistan military threat was a real possibility, and we must develop capabilities to counter this challenge. On the other hand, the political class in general and the mainstay of the country’s strategic community felt that a two-front threat was being over-hyped by the military to press for additional resources and funds.…
29 December, 2020
China
Analysis of China’s Policies What is the Hong Kong issue? Hong Kong became one of the most significant arenas where the Communist Party of China came down with full might. The special administration region, which enjoys autonomy, had been on the boil since June 2019 over a legislation (which was later scrapped) that would allow the local government to extradite criminals to the mainland. Demonstrators had resorted to vandalism over the law, an act that the Communist Party of China saw as a challenge to its writ. The island had witnessed protests earlier in 2014 when demonstrators lay siege to…
28 December, 2020
China
Isolating China, as a proposition and the reality By, M.K. Narayanan is a former National Security Adviser and a former Governor of West Bengal Introduction The latest round of talks, on August 2, between the Military Commanders of India and China, did not produce any breakthrough, and the situation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the Ladakh sector thus remains essentially unchanged. All that is evident is that China has indicated a willingness to resile from occupying territory beyond its 1960 Claim line. A return to the status quo ante prior to May this year, is nowhere in…
11 August, 2020
China
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