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India and the UK are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that will reduce tariffs and non-tariff barriers on goods and services. What is a Free Trade Agreement? It is a pact between two or more countries that reduces or eliminates certain barriers to trade in goods and services, as well as investment. Goal- To facilitate cross-border transactions, increase investment prospects, promote mutual trade, and improve the ease of business. Bilateral FTAs- India has bilateral FTAs with Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Japan, Thailand, Singapore, Nepal, Korea, Malaysia, etc. Regional FTAs- South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA)- 2004 India-ASEAN Agreement- 2010 India-UK Free…
21 November, 2023
Britain
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) British decision to join Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) was made recently . About The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership was just signed by the United Kingdom. The success of the arrangement was highlighted by the U.K. prime minister as an illustration of "post-Brexit liberties." The CPTPP countries and Westminster will now need to ratify the deal. 11 nations make up the Indo-Pacific Free Trade Area under the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore,…
04 April, 2023
Britain
India-UK virtual summit strengthens STI cooperation India and UK agreed on a common vision of a new and transformational Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the UK and India and adopted an ambitious India-UK Roadmap to 2030 to steer cooperation for the next 10 years. Some of the key points to strengthen STI cooperation between two countries are: Enhance cooperation between India and the UK on strengthening the role of women in STEMM at schools, universities, and research institutions and creating an enabling environment for equal participation of women in STEM disciplines through collaboration on new initiatives like Gender Advancement for Transforming…
08 May, 2021
Britain
Northern Ireland crisis Background The communal clashes of April in Northern Ireland have left 74 policemen injured, and threaten to undermine the fragile peace between Protestant pro-British loyalist unionists who want to remain part of the United Kingdom forever, and Catholic pro-Irish nationalists who wish Northern Ireland to become part of the Republic of Ireland. Failure of the Good Friday Agreement Northern Ireland altered enormously for the better after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Good Friday Agreement in 1998, and for the accord to have received strong support across the divided island was a remarkable achievement. This Agreement began the…
07 May, 2021
Britain
Violence in Northern Ireland (UK) Recently, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom (UK) saw the worst violence in years. Parts of Northern Ireland are split along sectarian lines, 23 years after a peace deal largely ended Northern Ireland's troubles. Reasons behind the Violence Geographically, Northern Ireland is part of Ireland. Politically, it’s part of the UK. Ireland, long dominated by the UK, broke free about 100 years ago after centuries of colonisation and an uneasy union. 26 of its 32 counties became an independent, Roman Catholic-majority country. 6 counties in the north, which have a Protestant majority, stayed British. Northern Ireland’s Catholic minority experienced discrimination in the Protestant-run state. In the 1960s, a…
14 April, 2021
Britain
India – UK relations post Brexit Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made many sudden and surprising decisions: some felicitous, others disastrous. Among the former were invitations to leaders of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation to attend his 2014 swearing-in and his visit to Lahore in 2015; among the latter were demonetisation and the ‘Namaste Trump’ spectacle last February. Yet to be defined in either category is his startling invitation to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson who, due to the ravages of COVID-19 mutations in the U.K., has expressed his inability to attend a truncated version of India’s Republic…
06 January, 2021
Britain
Brexit Trade Deal What are the main features of the agreement? The UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, which came into force on January 1, 2021, retains the ‘zero tariffs’ and quotas trade regime of the past on all imports of goods. It thus averts the potentially catastrophic consequences for Britain of leaving the bloc without any agreement. A hard exit would have resulted in levies of 50% and higher and duties on dairy and food products, besides tariffs on manufactured goods, as per World Trade Organization rates. According to the U.K.’s fiscal watchdog, the Office for Budget Responsibility, the current…
03 January, 2021
Britain
Britain leaves Europe’s single market Brexit becomes a reality as Britain leaves Europe’s customs union and single market, ending nearly half a century of often turbulent ties with its closest neighbours. Brexit has dominated British politics since the country’s narrow vote to leave the bloc in June 2016, opening deep political and social wounds which remain raw. But both sides are now keen to move on to a new future. Prime Minister Boris Johnson called Brexit “a new beginning in our country’s history and a new relationship with the EU as their biggest ally”. Legally, Britain left the EU on…
01 January, 2021
Britain
Britain and EU release the full text of postBrexit trade deal Britain and the European Union on Saturday published the full text of the postBrexit trade agreement aimed at governing their relationship when the U.K. definitively leaves the bloc’s single market in just five days’ time. The document, which is more than 1,200 pages long, lays out detail on trade, law enforcement and dispute settlement among other arrangements between Britain and the EU after the U.K. leaves the single market and customs union on December 31. To ratify the deal, Britain’s Parliament has been recalled to sit on December 30.…
27 December, 2020
Britain
Analysis of Brexit: Limits of sovereignty GS Paper II International issues (UPSC Mains 2021) For complete analysis about Brexit and the Trade Deal: click here The tarifffree trade accord in goods that the U.K. and the EU signed on 24 Dec 2020, days before the postBrexit transition expires, should mitigate somewhat the consequences of Britain’s narrow decision, in 2016, to leave one of the largest trading blocs. This averts a catastrophic ‘no deal’ scenario. The country now faces a potential 4% loss of GDP over 15 years, compared to remaining in the EU. Leaving without any agreement would have led…
26 December, 2020
Britain
BREXIT Trade Deal Context: Brexit is a highly important topic in UPSC Mains Examination 2021. It is also important for UPSC Interview 2020. What is the European Union? The EU is an economic and political union involving 28 European countries. It allows free trade, which means goods can move between member countries without any checks or extra charges. The EU also allows free movement of people, to live and work in whichever country they choose. Headquarters of the European Union is in Brussels, Belgium. The UK joined in 1973 (when it was known as the European Economic Community) and it…
25 December, 2020
Britain
Deal in danger: On post-Brexit U.K.-EU trade deal Context: The U.K.’s hardening stance in the post-Brexit U.K.-EU trade deal negotiations. The chief negotiator from the U.K. had recently stated that the U.K. would not yield on its demands despite the lack of progress in the negotiations and it would be fine even with a no-deal Brexit. The British Prime Minister has set an October 15 deadline for reaching a post-Brexit U.K.-EU trade deal indicative of its hardened position in the negotiations. Issues: 1. Northern Ireland issue: The Brexit agreement seeking to avoid a hard border between Northern Ireland, which is…
08 September, 2020
Britain
UK to Issue Coin in Honour of Mahatma Gandhi Britain is considering minting a coin to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi. The consideration is seen as part of efforts to celebrate the achievements of people from the Black, Asian and other Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. The British Finance Minister has written a letter to the Royal Mint Advisory Committee (RMAC), to consider recognising the contribution of BAME communities to Britain's coinage. The RMAC is an independent committee made up of experts who recommend themes and designs for coins. The RMAC supports a campaign called ‘We Too Built Britain’, which seeks representation of non-white icons on the British currency. Recently, the…
04 August, 2020
Britain
The U.K. to issue coin to honour Gandhiji Context Britain is considering minting a coin to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhiji’s birthday, October 2, is observed as the International Day of Non-Violence. As part of a global reassessment of history, colonialism and protests against racism in the U.S., some British institutions have begun re-examining their past. Many organisations have taken initiatives to make investments to help the Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) communities and to support racial diversity.
03 August, 2020
Britain
Post-Brexit deal Britain and the European Union wound up their latest round of post-Brexit trade negotiations. Both sides ruled out a quick deal but voiced hope for agreement in the coming months. The UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020 and immediately entered into an 11-month transition period. During this period, the UK will continue to follow all of the EU’s rules and its trading relationship will remain the same. However, it is no longer part of the EU’s political institutions – so there are no longer any British members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in the European…
24 July, 2020
Britain
UK threatens to pull out of EU trade talks Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests Prelims and Mains focus: Brexit; the transition deal; conflicting issues between UK and EU regarding its implementation News: Britain put the prospect of a chaotic Brexit back on the table as it set out its red lines for trade talks with the European Union. Background Britain left the EU on January 31, but both sides agreed to a standstill transition period lasting until December 31 to allow time to strike a new partnership. …
28 February, 2020
Britain
UK’s new points-based visa system Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: about the new immigration system and its features; about its significance for India News: United Kingdom’s Home Secretary announced the launch of the UK's new points-based visa system which is inspired by Australia’s points-based immigration system. Objective It is aimed at attracting the "brightest and the best" from the world, including from India, and cutting down the numbers of cheap, low-skilled workers coming to the United Kingdom. About the new immigration…
21 February, 2020
Britain
The UK finally leaves European Union Syllabus subtopic: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora. Prelims and Mains focus: all about the Brexit issue; the Irish backstop agreement; about European Union News: After more than three years of political wrangling, the departure of two prime ministers, and dozens of furious protests across the United Kingdom, Brexit is finally happening. Context: At 23:00 GMT, on January 31, the UK will officially end its 47-year membership of the European Union - becoming the first country ever to leave the bloc, and enter…
31 January, 2020
Britain
All About Brexit What is Brexit? Brexit - British exit - refers to the UK leaving the EU. What is the European Union? The EU is an economic and political union involving 28 European countries. It allows free trade and free movement of people, to live and work in whichever country they choose. The UK joined in 1973 (when it was known as the European Economic Community). If the UK leaves, it would be the first member state to withdraw from the EU. Why is the UK leaving? A public vote - or referendum - was held on Thursday 23…
18 October, 2019
Britain
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