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Monthly DNA
The Foreign Contribution Regulation Act, 2010 (FCRA) registration of two prominent non-governmental organisations (NGOs) — Centre for Policy Research (CPR) and World Vision India (WVI) have been cancelled this month. What is FCRA? Key provisions of FCRA, 2010 Key aspects Description About It regulates foreign donations and ensures that such contributions do not adversely affect internal security Established In 1976 during Emergency period amidst the apprehensions that foreign powers were interfering in India’s affairs by pumping money through independent organisations Implementation Ministry of Home Affairs Applicability To all associations, groups and NGOs which intend to receive foreign donations. 2010 Amendment Consolidated the…
06 February, 2024
Internal security
Over 10,000 kg of poppy straw, under the cover of cattle feed, has been seized by the Central Bureau of Narcotics in the last 1 year. Poppy straw – It is the husk left after the opium is extracted from the pods which also contains a very small morphine content. Drug – It is one of the narcotic drugs under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS). India is one of the few countries that legally cultivate opium poppy and is the only country on earth that illicitly produces opium gum. Legal regulation – Possession, sale, use, etc. are regulated by the State Governments under the State NDPS…
18 January, 2024
Internal security
Cyber kidnapping is a type of cybercrime where attackers gain unauthorized access to computer systems or data and then demand ransom. In cyber kidnapping, online attackers target victims and force them into isolating themselves to demand ransom from their families. They monitor the victims through video chat and use pictures captured by them in isolated conditions to extort money from their families.
11 January, 2024
Cyber Security
Recently, the Financial Intelligence Unit India (FIU IND) issued show-cause notices to 9 offshore virtual digital asset service providers (VDA SPs) like Bitfinex and MEXC Global, among others. What is FIU-IND? Established in – 2004 under the Finance Ministry. Aim – To act as a nodal agency for receiving, analysing and disseminating information relating to suspected financial transactions Function – It receives reports from private and public sector banks every month which are Cash transaction reports (CTRs) Suspicious transaction reports (STRs) Cross border wire transfer reports It is based on the mandate of Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). Cash transaction reports – It…
06 January, 2024
Internal security
The Centre has decided to start an advanced smart fencing system for the entire India-Myanmar border with the end of free movement regime. Free Movement Regime – It is a mutual pact between India and Myanmar to allow tribes dwelling along the border on either side to travel up to 16 km inside the other without a visa. India shares a 1,643 km-long border with Myanmar, which passes through the States of Arunachal Pradesh (520 km), Nagaland (215 km), Manipur (398 km), and Mizoram (510 km). Initiated in – 1970’s, last revised in 2016. Aim – To facilitate people-to-people ties between the countries as residents in the region enjoy strong ethnic and…
02 January, 2024
Border Areas
India is poised to establish a National Maritime Domain Awareness Centre (NMDAC) in response to emerging threats in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). NMDAC The Indian Navy’s Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC) in Gurugram, is on track to upgrade into the National Maritime Domain Awareness Centre in about three years. Objective - The primary objective of the NMDAC is to meticulously gather, analyze, and provide actionable intelligence to address maritime challenges. The center will maintain vigilant oversight of the expanding Chinese naval activities within the IOR. Once operational, the NDMA Centre will house people from 15 agencies under seven Ministries…
01 January, 2024
Internal security
Gangster Goldy Brar, the mastermind behind the murder of Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala, was declared a designated terrorist by the Centre under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). UAPA The UAPA aims to prevent unlawful activities and terrorist activities in the country. Terrorist Act - Any act committed with intent to threaten or likely to threaten the unity, integrity, security, economic security, sovereignty of India or any section of the people in India or in any foreign country. 2019 Bill - Originally only covering organizations that engage in terrorism, the Act was amended in 2019 to allow the government to designate individuals as terrorists…
01 January, 2024
Terrorism
‘Chameleon Trojan’ is a malware that can disable biometric authentication methods like fingerprint and face unlock to steal the phone’s PIN in Android operating systems. The malware collects information on app usage habits to determine when the user is using their device and launch attacks when they are least likely to use it.
31 December, 2023
Cyber Security
The Ministry of Home Affairs has designated Lakhbir Singh Landa, a Canada-based member of Babbar Khalsa International (BKI), as an “individual terrorist” recently. He has been designated as an individual terrorist under Section 35 of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA).
31 December, 2023
Terrorism
IT service provider HCL Technologies has shared that it was hit by a ransomware incident within a restricted cloud environment. What is a ransomware? Ransomware – It is an extortion software designed to lock or encrypt a device or data on a system and then demand a ransom (money) for its release. Attackers usually leave behind a message with instructions on the ransom amount, mode of transfer, or instructions on how to contact them for further guidance. Working Originates from a malicious link, email attachment, exploited vulnerability, attack campaign, or worm. Installs in victim’s machine. Spreads to other devices on a network and connects to a command-and-control server controlled by the attacker.…
31 December, 2023
Cyber Security
Recently, IFC-IOR marked its 5th anniversary and it also played key role in the backend in tackling vessel hijacking episode near Gulf of Aden. Established by – The government of India at Gurugram in 2018 and is hosted by the Indian Navy. IFC-IOR is located within the premises of the Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC), the nodal agency for maritime data fusion. Tagline – Collaboration for Safety and Security. Aims – To strengthen maritime security in Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and beyond by acting as a maritime security information sharing hub for the region. Vision – To advance maritime safety through information sharing, cooperation and expertise development. Mission – To be…
29 December, 2023
Internal security
The 8th edition of Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) Conclave of Chiefs (CoC) was conducted by Royal Thai Navy at Bangkok, Thailand. The inaugural edition of IONS was held in Feb 2008 at New Delhi, with the Indian Navy as the Chair for two years. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime co-operation among navies of the littoral states (states with coast) of the Indian Ocean Region. IONS provides an open and inclusive forum for discussion of regionally relevant maritime issues. As a first, Flag designed by India was selected as the IONS Flag. The members have…
28 December, 2023
Internal security
It is a criminal activity that either targets or uses a computer, a computer network or a networked device. Most cybercrime is committed by cybercriminals or hackers who want to make money. Cybercrime can be carried out by individuals or organizations, some are organized, use advanced techniques and are highly technically skilled. Types- Email and internet fraud. Identity fraud- Personal information is stolen and used. Cyberextortion- Demanding money to prevent a threatened attack. Cryptojacking- Hackers mine cryptocurrency using resources they do not own. Cyberespionage- Hackers access government or company data. Infringing copyright, illegal gambling etc., India has a large and growing population of internet users, with more…
27 December, 2023
Cyber Security
Aim- To prevent and punish unlawful and terrorist activities that threaten the sovereignty and integrity of the country. Definition- The Act defines unlawful activities as any action that supports, propagates, or advocates secession from India, disclaims or questions the territorial integrity of India, causes or intends to cause disaffection against India, supports any terrorist organization or individual. Declaration of unlawful associations- The Act empowers the Central government to declare any organisation or individual as unlawful. Tribunal- The declaration is subject to judicial review by a tribunal constituted by a sitting or retired judge of a High Court. Punishment- Unlawful activity- Imprisonment ranging from 5 years…
03 December, 2023
Internal security
Geography of Manipur and History of Violence in Manipur There are 16 districts in Manipur, but the state is commonly thought of as divided into ‘valley’ and ‘hill’ districts. Today’s valley districts of Imphal East, Imphal West, Thoubal, Bishnupur, and Kakching were part of the erstwhile kingdom of Kangleipak, ruled by the Ningthouja dynasty. The Manipur valley is encircled by skirts of low hills (hill areas comprise the bulk of Manipur’s geographical area), live 15 Naga tribes and the Chin-Kuki-Mizo-Zomi group, which includes the Kuki, Thadou, Hmar, Paite, Vaiphei and Zou peoples. The Kangleipak kingdom, then a British protectorate, was repeatedly raided by Naga…
03 December, 2023
Internal security
Also known as “LockBit Black”, LockBit 3.0 is a ransomware, a type of malware that locks a victim’s data or device unless the victim pays a ransom to the attacker. It operates under the business model of "ransomware-as-a-service". Recently, the US arm of the China’s Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), world’s largest lender in terms of assets, was hit by Lockbit 3.0.
10 November, 2023
Cyber Security
India is working on its first-ever national security strategy document after years of deliberations in the military and strategic community. Security Architecture in India After India became a nuclear-weapon state in 1998, the national security architecture underwent a significant change. At the apex, a National Security Council (NSC) was set up with the Prime Minister (PM) as the Chairman. Its permanent members included ministers of home, defence, external affairs and finance. A new post of National Security Advisor was created to serve as the Secretary of the NSC. In addition, a Strategic Planning Group (SPG) was established under the chairmanship of the Cabinet Secretary. A National Security…
08 November, 2023
Internal security
Drug Trafficking Security and law enforcement organisations around the world, including in India, are on high alert due to the serious problem of the international drug trade. The Death (Golden) Crescent and Death (Golden) Triangle have historically been viewed as sandwiching India, and drug lords who are indirectly assisted by intelligence setups are flooding India with drugs, mainly heroin and methamphetamine, from these two locations. Drug issue The Taliban's main source of income has been drug sales. As Afghanistan's economy crumbles, the Taliban will be largely dependent on narcotics revenue to keep their cadres under control. The most recent World…
24 April, 2023
Internal security
Global Terrorism Index (GTI) The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) places India at 13th. Even while assaults and fatalities declined, the report reveals that Afghanistan remained the nation most severely afflicted by terrorism for the fourth year in a row. With connection to the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) is a thorough study that examines the effects of terrorism on 163 nations, or 99.7% of the world's population. The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) uses information from Terrorism Tracker and other sources to generate the GTI report. GTI Score: The GTI generates a composite score in…
17 April, 2023
Terrorism
Gun Violence In Nashville, Tennessee (in the United States), a school was the scene of a mass shooting in March 2023 that left 7 people dead as well as It was the 129th large-scale shooting in America in 2023. Also, the Punjab Government revoked 813 permits for firearms around the state to combat the "gun culture" there. Argument in Favour to Access to Gun Guns, according to some, can lower crime rates by increasing the cost of committing a crime. They have emphasised how difficult it is to estimate the number of lives that may have been saved by citizens…
03 April, 2023
Internal security
Indian Border Management The Ministry of Defence underlines the importance of keeping a close eye on the northern and western coastlines and borders. Highlight The Indian defence minister emphasised the necessity for re-strategic planning at the Navy Commanders Conference aboard INS Vikrant due to the dynamic nature of the global environment. The discussion stressed the unpredictable nature of upcoming confrontations and the need for ongoing surveillance throughout the entire coastline and on the northern and western borders. India's economy is predicted to undergo a transformation thanks to the defence industry, which is predicted to get orders worth more than $100…
30 March, 2023
Border Areas
Terrorism in India The use of organised and systematic violence by a person or group to intimidate others in order to further their political, religious, or cultural goals is known as terrorism. India's history with terrorism: Much of India's history with terrorism and violent extremism can be attributed to the subcontinent's religiously motivated division into Pakistan and India in 1947. The most horrific ethnic riots in recent history, which were characterised by ferocious brutality and terrorist attacks, continued to be witnessed across the sub-continent. During a brief time of neutrality following the partition, the then-Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K),…
25 February, 2023
Terrorism
Vibrant Villages Program In order to strengthen the social and security framework along the China border, the Union Cabinet has sanctioned the creation of seven additional ITBP (Indo-Tibetan Border Police) battalions and earmarked Rs 4,800 crore under the Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP). A 4.1-kilometre Shinku-La tunnel on the Manali-Darcha-Padum-Nimmu axis has also been approved by the Cabinet to enable an all-weather connection to Ladakh. About: The ITBP's strength will rise from its present 88,000 to 97,000 as a result of the decision, making it the fourth-largest Central Armed Police Force (CAPF). The action was taken to fortify the security system…
21 February, 2023
Border Areas
Operation SADBHAVANA The Indian Army launched Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill) in the State of Jammu & Kashmir to address the aspirations of people who have been impacted by scrooge of terrorism, which is supported and encouraged by Pakistan. Seven Army Goodwill Schools are now being operated by the Indian Army in the Ladakh Region as part of "Operation SADBHAVANA". These schools now accommodate more than 2,200 students. Various isolated regions in Ladakh have received medical camps, veterinary camps, medical equipment, upgrades to the medical infrastructure, and staffing for Medical Aid Centers as part of this effort (in FY 22–23). Women are…
09 February, 2023
Internal security
Operation Alert Exercise The Border Security Force (BSF) recently began a seven-day drill called "Ops Alert." Major takeaways: Beginning on January 21 and running through January 28, approximately. From Sir Creek (a marshy area) to the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat and the Barmer district of Rajasthan, which is on the international border between India and Pakistan. As part of the drill, the BSF will conduct special operations in the "Harami Nalla," creeks, and forward and depth regions. As part of the exercise, it has also scheduled public engagement programmes. Objectives: To increase security along the border between India and Pakistan…
20 January, 2023
Border Areas
Indian & Chinese troop Clash in Tawang Sector Recently, troops from India and China clashed along the Yangtze River in Arunachal Pradesh's Tawang sector. Since the Galwan Valley incident in 2020, this was the first incident involving Indian soldiers and Chinese PLA troops. Both sides have been patrolling areas up to their claim lines since 2006. More On the News: According to the Indian Army, there are some areas along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the Tawang Sector where perceptions differ. The LAC is divided into three sectors: western (Ladakh), central (Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), Sikkim, and eastern…
19 December, 2022
Border Areas
Google's New Anti-Misinformation Initiative Google's Jigsaw subsidiary is launching a new anti-misinformation project in India, with the goal of preventing misleading information from inciting violence. Important Points About the Initiative: Cutting to the chase: The initiative will use "prebunking" videos, which will be distributed on the company's YouTube platform and other social media sites to counter false claims before they become widespread. Collaboration: Jigsaw has produced five videos in three languages in collaboration with the Alfred Landecker Foundation, a pro-democracy organisation based in Germany, the philanthropic investment firm Omidya Network India, and a number of smaller regional partners. After watching…
12 December, 2022
Role of Social media
India is experiencing an increase in cyber attacks. A major cyberattack recently crippled the country's premier medical institute, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi (AIIMS). More on the news: Most of its servers went down, as did the National Informatics Centre's (NIC) e-Hospital network. The critical health data of several individuals at the helm of the country's government was stored on AIIMS servers. More Information on Cyberattacks: Cyberattacks are unwanted attempts to steal, expose, modify, disable, or destroy information by gaining unauthorized access to computer systems. Typically, ransomware-seeking entities carry out such attacks to prevent networks from…
05 December, 2022
Cyber Security
Exercise ‘Sea Vigil-22’ The third edition of ‘Sea Vigil-22’ is all set to commence on the eastern seaboard as part of the nation-wide Coastal Defence Exercise from November 15. About Exercise ‘Sea Vigil-22’ It was conceptualised in 2018 to validate various measures that have been instituted towards enhancing maritime security since the 26/11 Mumbai attack. The exercise is being conducted by the Indian Navy in coordination with the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and the Ministries entrusted with the task of maritime activities. This exercise is a build-up towards the major Theatre Level Readiness Operational Exercise (TROPEX), which is conducted by…
19 November, 2022
Internal security
Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002 Recently, the Supreme Court denied a political leader's request to vacate his arrest by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) on money laundering accusations. What is money laundering? Money laundering is the process of making significant sums of money obtained through criminal activities, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. Large gains are made by illegal arms sales, smuggling, drug trafficking and prostitution gangs, insider trading, bribery, and computer fraud schemes. As a result, money launderers have an incentive to "legitimise" their ill-gotten gains through money laundering. The…
22 October, 2022
Money laundering
Prime Minister’s Development Initiative for North East Region (PM-DevINE) A new programme known as the Prime Minister's Development Initiative for the North East Region was recently authorised by the Union Cabinet (PM-DevINE). In the Union Budget 2022–23, PM-DevINE was introduced to address development gaps in the North Eastern Region (NER). PM-DevINE Scheme: What is it? With an investment of Rs 6,600 crore, the programme will run for the final four years of the 15th Finance Commission, from 2022–2023 to 2025–2026. With a focus on job creation, PM-DevINE will aim to create infrastructure, support industries, social development projects, and create livelihood…
12 October, 2022
Northeast Issues
Operation Garuda The Central Bureau of Investigation has launched 'Operation Garuda,' a multi-phase operation against an illicit drug trafficking network, registering 127 new cases, arresting 175 people, and seizing massive amounts of narcotic drugs. Regarding 'Operation Garuda,' It was established in close collaboration with Interpol and the Narcotics Control Bureau to combat the smuggling of illegal drugs and psychotropic substances, with a particular emphasis on the Indian Ocean region. Drug trafficking networks with international connections necessitate international law enforcement cooperation. It aims to disrupt, degrade, and dismantle international drug networks through the rapid exchange of criminal intelligence on drug trafficking…
30 September, 2022
Internal security
Pacts so far with Armed Tribal Groups in the North East Between the Government of India, Assam, and eight armed indigenous groups, a historic deal has recently been reached. The deal was signed in order to put an end to Assam's long-running Adivasi and tea garden workers' issue. Important Points Tripartite Agreement: The Assam government and eight armed tribal groups in Assam struck an agreement with the central government. Birsa Commando Force (BCF), Adivasi People's Army (APA), All Adivasi National Liberation Army (AANLA), Adivasi Cobra Military of Assam (ACMA), and Santhali Tiger Force (STF) are the organisations that signed the pact. The…
17 September, 2022
Northeast Issues
Vostok Exercise 2022 India recently took part in the International Vostok-2022 strategic and command exercise in Russia together with a number of other nations. Image source - Theprint.in Exercise Vostok There will be forces there from a number of former Soviet states as well as China, India, Laos, Mongolia, Nicaragua, and Syria. The 7/8 Gorkha Rifles contingent served as the Indian Army's representative. Interaction and coordination between other participating military contingents and observers are its main objectives. More than 50,000 soldiers and more than 5,000 weaponry units, including 140 planes and 60 warships, will participate in the Vostok 2022 exercise,…
03 September, 2022
Security Forces & Agencies
The cyber threat to Digital/Mobile banking Image Source - The Hindu Recently, the Asia Pacific area has seen an uptick in cyberattacks on Android and iOS devices, according to global cybersecurity firm Kaspersky. A recent study found that more consumers are gravitating toward digital payments and that an increasing number of people are using their cell phones to engage with their banks or bank accounts. Additionally, this acceleration introduces a vulnerability: a rise in the risk of cyberattacks on mobile devices. Recent survey Two-thirds of respondents in a 2020 Statista poll of 5,000+ households in 25 States in India claimed…
01 September, 2022
Cyber Security
Ban on VLC Media Player India has outlawed access to the Video LAN Client (VLC) Media Player website. According to VLC's data, India has outlawed its website from February 2022. About the VLC When personal computers started to become more common in Indian homes as a result of information technology breakthroughs in the late 1990s, VLC became increasingly popular in that country. VLC is free and open source, supports all file types without the need for extra codecs, and connects quickly with various platforms and streaming services. The VLC website is no longer accessible, although the VLC software is still…
20 August, 2022
Cyber Security
ROHINGYA According to recent statements made by the Union Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs, Rohingyas will be held in detention facilities until they are deported. More about the news The Delhi government has suggested moving the Rohingyas to a different area. Position of the Ministry of Home Affairs: The MHA has instructed the GNCTD (Govt of National Territory Delhi) to make sure that the Rohingya illegal foreign residents stay in their current location. Through MEA, MHA has already raised the issue of their deportation with the relevant nation. According to the legislation, illegal aliens must remain in detention facility…
19 August, 2022
Refugee crisis in India
NAGA PEACE PROCESS: EXPLAINED Recently, the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (Isak-Muivah) marked the 25 years of ceasefire with the Government of India. About ceasefire On August 1, 1997, the group and the Center had agreed to a cease-fire. After 25 years of signing a ceasefire deal with the Central government, the NSCN (I-M) has lamented the lack of advancement in the Naga peace process. The peace process apparently stalled because of disagreements between the two groups over the Yehzabo (Naga constitution), which the NSCN (I-M) claims were integrated into the Framework Agreement and the Naga flag. Naga peace process…
05 August, 2022
Northeast Issues
Al Najah-IV and Ex VINBAX 2022 Recently, the Indian Army conducted separate exercises with Oman and Vietnam. About Al Najah-IV and VINBAX 2022 The fourth edition of India-Oman joint military exercise ‘Al Najah-IV’ is scheduled to take place at Mahajan field firing ranges in Rajasthan. Indian Army and Royal Army of Oman will conduct their joint Military Exercise AL NAJAH-IV from 1st to 13th of August 2022. The main scope of the exercise includes professional interaction, mutual understanding of drills & procedures, the establishment of joint command & control structures and the elimination of terrorist threats. The joint exercise would…
02 August, 2022
Security Forces & Agencies
CENTRAL RESERVE POLICE FORCE (CRPF) July 27 is commemorated as Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) foundation day as India’s largest central armed police force came into existence on this day in 1939. About CRPF It came into existence as Crown Representative’s Police on 27th July 1939 It became the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) on the enactment of the CRPF Act on 28th December 1949. Formation: It was constituted following the political unrest and the agitations in the then princely States of India in the backdrop of the Madras Resolution of the All-India Congress Committee in the year 1936. Mission:…
27 July, 2022
Security Forces & Agencies
KARGIL VIJAY DIWAS On 26th July 2022, the 23rd anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas is being observed. It is to observe India's victory over Pakistan in the Kargil War for ousting Pakistani Forces from their occupied positions on the mountain tops of Northern Kargil District in Ladakh in the year 1999. The day is dedicated to the martyred soldiers of the Kargil war. About Kargil war There had been many military conflicts after the Indo-Pak war of 1971. The tension has been escalated by the nuclear test conducted in 1998 by both the country and finally lead to the Kargil…
26 July, 2022
Border Areas
BURKAPAL MAOIST CASE National Investigating Agency court in Dantewada on July 15 has acquitted 121 tribals, including a woman who was arrested in connection with a suspected 2017 Maoist attack that claimed the lives of 25 security personnel in Chhattisgarh Sukuma district. All the arrest persons had spent over five years in jail by the time the acquittal order came. The failure of the justice system again paves the way for tribes to join the rebel or the extremist or even the Maoist group. Naxalism in India The Naxalism term derives its name from the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal.…
20 July, 2022
Link between Development and Extremism
Tax Evasion in India What is Tax Evasion? Tax evasion is an activity that aims to hide, understate or falsely report income to reduce your tax liability. It comes under Tax fraud which consists not paying tax, paying less than what is due, not declaring cash transactions, fabricating income, falsifying deductions without proof etc. Tax evasion is important because it is considered illegal in India and leads to severe penalties. The penalty for not disclosing income ranges from 100% - 300% of the tax. But, you should also not ignore the fact that taxes are an essential source of revenue…
25 February, 2022
Internal security
Military exercises of India List of all Military Exercises of India 2021 Military Exercises of India with Neighbours Sampriti: India & Bangladesh Mitra Shakti: India & Sri Lanka Surya Kiran: India & Nepal Hand in Hand Exercise: India & China Ekaterina: India & Maldives Military Exercises of India with Other countries Maitree Exercise: India & Thailand Vajra Prahar: India & US Yudh Abhyas: India & US Nomadic Elephant: India & Mongolia Garuda Shakti: India & Indonesia Shakti Exercise: India & France Dharma Guardian: India & Japan SIMBEX: India & Singapore CORPAT: India & Thailand Malabar Exercise: India, USA, Australia, Japan…
04 January, 2022
Internal security
Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative The Cyber Surakshit Bharat initiative was launched in January 2018 by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). It is the first public-private partnership of its kind that leverages the expertise of the IT industry in cyber security along with MeitY’s organizations such as CDAC, CERT-In, NIC, and STQC as the knowledge partners in this training program. Aimed at creating awareness around cyber security and developing an empowered and strong cyber ecosystem in Government organizations in India, the National e-Governance Division under the Ministry of Electronics and IT is conducting a six-day Deep Dive Training…
26 November, 2021
Cyber Security
Malware attacks in India What is malware? Malware is intrusive software that is designed to damage and destroy computers and computer systems. Malware is a contraction for “malicious software.” Examples of common malware includes viruses, worms, Trojan viruses, spyware, adware, and ransomware. Types of Malware Viruses are a subgroup of malware. A virus is malicious software attached to a document or file that supports macros to execute its code and spread from host to host. Once downloaded, the virus will lay dormant until the file is opened and in use. Viruses are designed to disrupt a system’s ability to operate.…
19 September, 2021
Cyber Security
PLI Scheme for Drones Center has approved the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for drones and drone components on 15 Sep 2021. The total amount allocated for the PLI scheme for drones and drone components is INR 120 crore spread over three financial years. This amount is nearly double the combined turnover of all domestic drone manufacturers in FY 2020-21. This amount is 1.5 times the combined size of the manufacturing drone sector. Over a period of three years, estimated investment worth ?5,000 Crore for manufacturing sector drones will be done which in turn will bring a turnover of Rs 900…
17 September, 2021
Internal security
Insurgency Free Prosperous North East North-east is very important for our country from the aspects of security. Our aim is to end all disputes in the Northeast by 2022 and usher in a new era of peace and development in the Northeast in 2023. India has made efforts to establish peace by enriching the dignity, culture, language, literature and music of the Northeast. We believe that development cannot happen without peace, and if employment, health, education and home and electricity for everyone are needed, then these cannot be achieved by picking arms. For the North-East region, the Union Home Minister…
05 September, 2021
Northeast Issues
Karbi Anglong Peace Agreement 2021 About Karbi Anglong Karbi Anglong district is one of the 33 administrative districts of Assam in India. Diphu is the administrative headquarter of the district. Karbi Anglong, the largest district in Assam, comprises various tribal and ethnic groups — Karbis, Bodos, Kukis, Dimasas, Hmars, Garos, Rengma Nagas, Tiwas, and Man (Tai Speaking). Apart from these groups, a lot of non-tribals also reside in the hilly district. The Karbis racially belong to the Mongoloid group and linguistically to the Tibeto-Burman group. It is an autonomous district administrated by the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council under the Sixth…
06 September, 2021
Northeast Issues
Introduction There are numerous aspects pertaining to refugees which are of major importance both to India, as a country and to the refugees, particularly in the context of law enforcement. Given the security scenario prevailing in the country, particularly arising out of the role of some of the neighbours in this regard, an utterly humanitarian matter like the ‘refugees’ has come to be influenced by considerations of national security. While law and order is a State subject under the Indian Constitution, international relations and international borders are under the exclusive purview of the Union government. This has resulted in a…
25 August, 2021
Refugee crisis in India
Human rights and press freedom activists are up in arms about a new report on NSO Group, the notorious Israeli hacker-for-hire company. The report, by a global media consortium, expands public knowledge of the target list used in NSO's military-grade spyware. According to the report, that now not only includes journalists, rights activists and opposition political figures, but also people close to them, the groups have decried the virtual absence of regulation of commercial surveillance tools. A number of reports on Pegasus Spyware in India indicate that at least 1,000 Indian phone numbers are in a list of potential targets of surveillance…
22 July, 2021
Cyber Security
Pegasus spyware It is spyware that works by sending an exploit link, and if the target user clicks on the link, the malware or the code that allows the surveillance is installed on the user’s phone. Pegasus is installed without the user’s knowledge or permission. Once Pegasus is installed, the attacker has complete access to the target user’s phone. Pegasus delivers a chain of zero-day exploits to penetrate security features on the phone and installs Pegasus without the user’s knowledge or permission. A “zero-day exploit” is a completely unknown vulnerability, about which even the software manufacturer is not aware, and there is, thus,…
20 July, 2021
Privacy Vs Security
Drone Rules, 2021 Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) has released the updated – Drone Rules, 2021 for public consultation. Built on a premise of trust, self-certification, and non-intrusive monitoring, The Drone Rules, 2021 will replace the UAS Rules 2021 (released on 12 March 2021). Key takeaways from the Draft Drone Rules, 2021 include: Approvals abolished: unique authorisation number, unique prototype identification number, certificate of conformance, certificate of maintenance, import clearance, acceptance of existing drones, operator permits, authorisation of R&D organisation, student remote pilot licence, remote pilot instructor authorisation, drone port authorisation etc. The number of forms was reduced from 25 to…
14 September, 2021
Internal security
Exercise La Perouse Indian Navy Ships are participating, for the first time; in the multi-lateral maritime exercise La Pérouse, conducted in the Eastern Indian Ocean Region The Indian Navy ships and aircraft will exercise with ships and aircraft of the French Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Japan Maritime Self Defence Force and the United States Navy. Exercise La Pérouse will see complex operations including surface warfare, anti-air warfare and air defence exercises. The exercise will showcase high levels of synergy, coordination and inter-operability between the friendly navies demonstrating shared values of ensuring freedom of seas and commitment to an open, inclusive Indo-Pacific and a…
05 April, 2021
Security Forces & Agencies
Nagaland Issue Four years after the government inked the Naga peace accord in 2015, the Centre has now said that the process had almost concluded, despite the fact that the talks had hit a roadblock in their final stages. Why is the Naga Peace talks being delayed? It is mainly because of unrealistic demands. NSCN I-M has issued statements in the past claiming that it wanted a separate Constitution, flag and integration of all contiguous Naga-inhabited areas under Nagalim (Greater Nagaland). Government of India’s stand: A mutually agreed draft comprehensive settlement, including all the substantive issues and competencies, is ready for…
22 September, 2021
Internal security
Money Laundering What is Money Laundering? Money Laundering refers to converting illegal earned money into legitimate money. The government does not get any tax on the money because there is no accounting of the black money. So Money Laundering is a way to hide illegally acquired money. The term "money laundering" originated from the Mafia group in the United States of America. Mafia groups have made huge amounts of extortion, gambling, etc. and this money is shown as legal money. In India, "money laundering" is popularly known as Hawala transactions. According to the IMF, global Money Laundering is estimated…
12 May, 2021
Money laundering
Pakistan government to set new rules to meet FATF requirements Pakistan, keen to exit from the grey list of the FATF, is set to introduce new rules relating to anti-money laundering cases and change the prosecution process to meet its remaining tough conditions. Pakistan was put on the grey list by the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global watchdog for money laundering and terror financing in June 2018 and the country has been struggling to come out of it. The Dawn newspaper reported that the changes being made also include the transfer of investigations and prosecution of anti-money…
12 May, 2021
FATF
Pakistan to remain on FATF greylist Pakistan was retained on the greylist, or the list of countries under “increased monitoring”, by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), as the Paris-based UN watchdog judged it deficient in prosecuting the top leadership of UN Security Council-designated terror groups, including Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e Mohammad, Al Qaeda and Taliban. In addition, the FATF handed down another six-point list of tasks, mainly on money laundering actions. What is FATF? The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is the global money laundering https://www.aspireias.com/daily-news-analysis-current-affairs/Money-Laundering and terrorist financing watchdog. The inter-governmental body sets international standards that aim to prevent these…
26 June, 2021
FATF
Money Laundering What is Money Laundering? Money Laundering refers to converting illegal earned money into legitimate money. The government does not get any tax on the money because there is no accounting of the black money. So Money Laundering is a way to hide the illegally acquired money. The term "money laundering" originated from the Mafia group in the United States of America. Mafia groups have made huge amounts of extortion, gambling, etc. and this money is shown as legal money. In India, "money laundering" is popularly known as Hawala transactions. According to the IMF, global Money Laundering is estimated…
24 June, 2021
Money laundering
Delhi HC and UAPA What is the news? Notwithstanding the fact that the definition of ‘terrorist act’ in the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) is “wide and even somewhat vague”, the phrase ‘terrorist act’ cannot be permitted to be casually applied to criminal acts that fall squarely within the definition of conventional offences, the Delhi High Court. A bench of Justice Siddharth Mridul and Justice Anup Jairam Bhanbhani said the word ‘terrorism’ or ‘terror’ has nowhere been defined in the UAPA. Hence, the court must be careful in employing the definitional words and phrases used in section 15 (of the…
16 June, 2021
Internal security
Norton Report on cybercrime in India in 2020-21 The NortonLifelock recently released a report titled "2021 Norton cyber-Safety Insights Report" Key Findings of the report: 59% of Indians, that is, more than one in two adults in the country have experienced cybercrime in the last twelve months. The report says that seven in ten Indian adults believe that the remote work atmosphere created by COVID-19 has made it easier for hackers and cybercriminals Around 52% of the adults in India do not know how to protect themselves from cybercrime More than twenty-seven million adults have faced identity thefts in 2020-21.…
16 April, 2021
Cyber Security
Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace India and the U.S. are being urged to join the Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace which now has 75 countries on board. It deals with the new cybersecurity threats faced in the world. About Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace: The Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace was announced in 2018 by the French President. It was announced during the Internet Governance Forum held at UNESCO and the Paris Peace Forum. It is a non-binding declaration. It calls states, the private sector and civil society…
19 April, 2021
Cyber Security
Indian Army to participate in Exercise “Shantir Ogroshena-2021” About Exercise ‘Shantir Ogroshena-2021’: Exercise Shantir Ogroshena (Front Runner of the Peace) is a multinational military exercise. The 2021 edition of the Exercise will be held in Bangladesh. It is held there to commemorate the birth centenary of Bangladesh’s ‘Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The theme of the exercise is “Robust Peacekeeping Operations”. Participating Countries: The participants of the Exercise are The DOGRA Regiment of the Indian Army A contingent of the Royal Bhutan Army Sri Lankan Army Bangladesh Army. Observers: The military observers from the USA, UK, Turkey,…
04 April, 2021
Security Forces & Agencies
Moaists- Tarrem attacks Introduction Tarrem attacks indicate that the weakened Maoists remain a strong military threat Details of the attack The deaths of over 20 paramilitary personnel in an encounter with the Maoists in the Tarrem area near Chhattisgarh’s Sukma district once again puts the spotlight on the long-running conflict in this remote tribal region. Reports indicate a Maoist ambush of the paramilitary personnel from different units – the Special Task Force, the District Reserve Guard of the Chhattisgarh police besides the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)’s elite COBRA unit — who had proceeded to perform combing operations in Maoist…
06 April, 2021
Internal security
Vajra Prahaar Exercise between India & US The 11th edition of Indo-US Joint Special Forces Exercise Vajra Prahar was conducted at Special Forces Training School located at Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh. About Exercise Vajra Prahar: Exercise Vajra Prahar is a Special Forces joint military training exercise. It takes place alternately in India and the US since 2010. The exercise enables sharing of best practices and experience in areas such as joint mission planning capabilities and operational tactics. Other Exercises between India and US: Yudh Abhyas- It is a joint military exercise between India and the US. Tiger Triumph- It is a tri-service military exercise…
01 April, 2021
Internal security
Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) The Government is working on the Second ‘Positive Indigenisation List’ as part of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan on domestic procurements. Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) framework was launched in April, 2018 with an aim to achieve self-reliance and to foster innovation and technology development in defence and aerospace by engaging industries including MSMEs, startups, individual innovators, R&D institutes and academia. iDEX provides grants for prototype development and promotes innovation and entrepreneurship among Defence Start-ups. Various initiatives being undertaken under iDEX are as follows:- Defence India Startup Challenge (DISC): iDEX is emerging as a front runner &…
19 March, 2021
Internal security
Cyber Forensics What is Cyber Forensics or Computer Forensics? Computer forensics is the application of investigation and analysis techniques to gather and preserve evidence from a particular computing device in a way that is suitable for presentation in a court of law. Cyberforensics is an electronic discovery technique used to determine and reveal technical criminal evidence. It often involves electronic data storage extraction for legal purposes. Although still in its infancy, cyberforensics is gaining traction as a viable way of interpreting evidence. Cyberforensics is also known as computer forensics. The goal of computer forensics is to perform a structured investigation…
14 March, 2021
Cyber Security
KALVARI CLASS OF SUBMARINES Indian Navy’s fifth Kalvari-class Diesel Electric attack submarine INS Vagir was launched recently at Mazgaon Dock in Mumbai. The other vessels in the class are INS Kalvari, INS Khanderi, INS Karanj, INS Vela and INS Vagsheer. About Kalvari Class of Submarines This class of submarines have Diesel Electric transmission systems and these are primarily attack submarines designed to target and sink adversary naval vessels. They can be used in anti-warship and anti-submarine operations, intelligence gathering and surveillance and naval mine laying. These submarines are built under Project 75. Being constructed by Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL) in Mumbai.…
17 November, 2020
Security Forces & Agencies
Data on Cyber Crime The data according to National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal, since its inception in Aug 2019,a total of 3,17,439 cybercrime incidents and 5,771 FIRs have been registered up to Feb 2021 in the country. The conversion of complaints received into FIRs stood at 1.81%. CERT-In says, around 1.44 lakh cases were observed between 2014-16. Cases doubled in three years. Cases The leak of Personal Information of 3.2M debit cards in 2016 and Data Theft at Zomato(2017), Wannacry Ransomware(2017), Petya(2017). India’s initiative Need for Cyber Security 1st emphasized by Kargil Review Committee,1999. Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative by MEITy, for awareness generation,…
10 March, 2021
Cyber Security
INS Karanj Inducted into service Indian Navy inducted INS Karanj into service, the 3rd Scorpene-class conventional diesel-electric submarine. About INS Karanj: INS Karanj is a part of Project-75I. It is the 3rd of the first batch of 6 Scorpene-class submarines for the Indian Navy. It is French naval defence and energy group. Manufactured by Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai. Key Features: INS Karanj is equipped with centralised propulsion and machinery control. The powerful diesel engines can quickly charge batteries for a stealthy mission profile. It is also fitted with a permanent magnetic synchronous motor making it one of the quietest submarines in the…
13 March, 2021
Internal security
The influx of Illegal Migrants From Myanmar Ministry of Home Affairs has written to states, sharing international boundaries with Myanmar. Why was this directive issued? Myanmar’s military ordered a crackdown on protesters several Myanmar citizens are illegally entering India. The State governments had no powers to grant refugee status to any foreigner. India is not a signatory to the United Nations Refugee Convention of 1951 and its 1967 Protocol. About United Nations Refugee Convention,1951: The 1951 Refugee Convention also known as Geneva Convention. It is a United Nations multilateral treaty for the protection of refugees. The convention defines a refugee…
14 March, 2021
Border Areas
Unlawful Activities [Prevention] Act The Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA) informed Lok Sabha about the number of cases registered under the Unlawful Activities [Prevention] Act(UAPA) in 2019. About Unlawful Activities [Prevention] Act(UAPA): UAPA was introduced in 1967 to target secessionist organizations. It is primarily an anti-terror law aimed at preventing certain unlawful activities of individuals and associations. Investigation: The cases under the UAPA are investigated by the State police and the National Investigation Agency(NIA). Bail: Under the act, getting bail is rare. The investigating agency has up to 180 days to file a charge sheet.. It is considered to be the predecessor of laws (now…
11 March, 2021
Security Forces & Agencies
I4C - Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre What is the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)? It is set up under the newly created Cyber and Information Security (CIS) division of the MHA. 7 components of the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C): National Cyber Crime Threat Analytics Unit National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal National Cyber Crime Training Centre Cyber Crime Ecosystem Management Unit National Cyber Crime Research and Innovation Centre National Cyber Crime Forensic Laboratory Ecosystem The platform for Joint Cyber Crime Investigation Team. Functions of Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C): The I4C will assist in centralising cyber security investigations, prioritise the…
04 January, 2022
Cyber Security
Data on UAPA Cases from 2015 to 2020 There is a 72% increase in the number of persons arrested under the UAPA (Unlawful Activities [Prevention] Act in 2019 compared to the year 2015, data provided by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). As many as 1,948 persons were arrested under the UAPA in 1,226 cases registered across the country in 2019. In 2019, the highest number of such cases were registered in Manipur (306), followed by Tamil Nadu (270), Jammu & Kashmir (255), Jharkhand (105) and Assam (87) cases. While in 2017 (below image) shows that Manipur was followed by J&K, and…
09 March, 2021
Internal security
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act cases rose by 72% from 2015 There has been over a 72% increase in the number of persons arrested under the UAPA (Unlawful Activities [Prevention] Act) in 2019 compared to the year 2015, data provided by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in the Lok Sabha show. As many as 1,948 persons were arrested under the UAPA in 1,226 cases registered across the country in 2019. From 2015 till 2018, the cases registered under the Act annually stood at 897, 922, 901 and 1,182 respectively, while the number of arrests was 1,128, 999, 1,554 and 1,421.…
10 March, 2021
Internal security
Recent Cyber Attacks & India's Cyber Security Agencies Recently, the Union Power Ministry said that State-sponsored Chinese hacker groups targeted various Indian power centres. India has been attacked by suspected Chinese state-sponsored groups multiple times in the past. In 2009, a suspected cyber espionage network dubbed GhostNet was found to be targeting the Tibetan government in exile in India, and many Indian embassies. There were a number of subsequent attacks that targeted India. Such as: Stuxnet had also taken down nuclear reactors in Iran. Suckfly, targeted not just government but also private entities including a firm that provided tech support to…
07 March, 2021
Cyber Security
‘Compensate those acquitted under UAPA’ A local court in Surat acquitted 122 persons arrested under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act for participating in a meeting organised in December 2001 as members of the Students’ Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), a banned outfit. After their acquittal, some of the accused, and also activists from the minority community, demanded that they be compensated for being “illegally framed by the police” without any evidence against them. “Many of them spent years in jail while facing trial ... They should be compensated,” an activist belonging to the minority community said. Unlawful Activities Prevention Act,…
09 March, 2021
Internal security
Guidelines for online conferences-was a Bottleneck Introduction The Centre has withdrawn the Education Ministry’s ill-thought-out guidelines for holding online conferences, seminars and training sessions. Ill thought out a plan Barriers: It created a bottleneck for scientists in public universities, colleges and organisations and erected new bureaucratic barriers in a pandemic-hit phase when virtual conferences are the only viable channel for researchers to collaborate with global peers. No topic on Internal matters: Academicians and others organising the events were, as per the January circular, required to get prior official approval and ensure that the conference topics do not relate to the…
27 February, 2021
Cyber Security
Progress MS-16 Cargo Ship Progress MS-16 or Progress 77 cargo ship has delivered water, propellant and other supplies to the International Space Station (ISS). Progress MS-16 is an unmanned Russian cargo ship launched by Russian Space Agency, Roscosmos.
23 February, 2021
Internal security
Toolkit conspiracy case Introduction The police in India are using arrests and filing questionable cases as a tool of harassment. The Delhi Police have outdone all of them by arresting a 22-year-old climate activist (Disha Ravi) in a case that makes the incredible allegation that a social media toolkit for organisers of protests against the farm laws amounted to sedition and incitement to riots. Tool of harassment The manner in which a Delhi Police team travelled to Bengaluru and took Disha Ravi into custody, apparently without following the guidelines laid down by the Delhi High Court on inter-State arrests. Even…
16 February, 2021
Cyber Security
India-China Disengagement Recently, both India and China have announced the start of disengagement between the two armies in Ladakh. The current disengagement is limited to two places on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh: One, the north bank of Pangong lake Two, the Kailash range to the south of Pangong. the disengagement in other regions is yet to be taken. The other three sites of contention on the Ladakh border are Depsang, Gogra-Hot Springs, and Demchok.
13 February, 2021
Role of External State & Non State Actors
Helina and Dhruvastra Missiles The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has designed and developed anti-tank guided missiles, Army version Helina, and Airforce variant Dhruvastra. These are third generation, Lock-on-Before-Launch (LOBL) fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missiles that can engage targets both in direct hit mode as well as top attack mode. The system has all-weather day and night capability. They can defeat battle tanks with conventional armour as well as with explosive reactive armour. The missiles could be fired in hover and max forward flight against realistic static and moving targets. The helicopter-launched Nag Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM), Helina, being developed indigenously,…
20 September, 2021
Internal security
Order at the border (LAC issue between India and China) Introduction India and China finally reaching an agreement on disengagement at Pangong Lake, which has been at the heart of the recent LAC tensions, is a promising start towards restoring peace in the border areas. Both sides will cease their forward deployments on the north and south banks of the lake in a phased, coordinated, and verified manner. China’s Ministry of Defence announced an agreement “to start synchronised and organised disengagement”. Withdrawal of troops Both sides have agreed to a temporary moratorium on patrolling in the disputed areas north and…
12 February, 2021
Border Areas
Greater Tipraland ‘Greater Tipraland’ has been a political demand on the lines of ‘Greater Nagalim’, and seeks to – in a democratic manner – cater to the aspirations of Tripuris in Mamit of Mizoram, Kachar and Hailakandi in Assam, and even in Khagrachari, Bandarban, and Chittagong of Bangladesh.
18 February, 2021
Internal security
Government’s notice to Twitter Context The Government’s notice to Twitter after it reinstated 257 handles that mentioned a controversial hashtag “#farmergenocide”, which the government wanted blocked, marks a critical point in an already uneasy relationship between a powerful government and an influential technology platform. What is the Twitter issue? A showdown seems inevitable now, what with the Government threatening Twitter with penal action under Section 69A of IT ACT,2000, for not complying with its orders. The issue pertains to tweets put out by some handles on the ongoing farmer protests as also a hashtag that suggested that a farmer genocide…
05 February, 2021
Cyber Security
Jamtara district, Jharkhand- the Phishing Capital of India The Jamtara district holds the distinction of being the “phishing capital of India”. Many drop-outs of the 15-35 age group have been turning to cybercrime to earn a few quick bucks. The place has historical roots as Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar had once worked through a community library movement here.
06 February, 2021
Cyber Security
Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 The Government has issued notice to Twitter after it reinstated several handles that mentioned a controversial hashtag on its platform. The Government issued these orders under Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000. This is done in the interest of - sovereignty and integrity of India defence of India, security of the State friendly relations with foreign States public order (or) for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence relating to above This is the same Section under which hundreds of Chinese apps have been banned in recent months.…
05 February, 2021
Role of Social media
Central Reserve Police Force The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is one of the premier Central Armed Police Forces of India (under the Ministry of Home Affairs) for internal security. The other Central Armed Police Forces are as follows: Assam Rifles (AR): The Assam Rifles came into being in 1835, as a militia called the Cachar Levy’. Border Security Force (BSF): Responsible for guarding India's land borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh. Central Industrial Security Force (CISF): Provides security cover to nuclear installations, space establishments, airports, seaports, power plants, sensitive Government buildings and ever heritage monuments. Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP): ITBP is a specialized mountain force and most of the officers and men…
03 February, 2021
Security Forces & Agencies
Border Security: ‘Smart walls’ for Indian borders United States President Joe Biden stopped the construction of the much-publicised “border wall” between the U.S. and Mexico as part of a series of executive actions, in a development that was long-awaited. It was confirmed, however, that an alternative has been offered — a ‘smart’ wall that replaces the physical and armed patrolling with advanced surveillance tech is the proposed future of border security now. The ‘smart wall’ technology could solve border security issues without the need for a physical barrier. The wall would use sensors, radars, and surveillance technology to detect and…
04 February, 2021
Internal security
Analysis of the Whatsapp and its Monopoly There are ongoing investigations worldwide, including in the European Union and the United States, on the abuse of monopolistic power by the Big Tech firms, especially Facebook and Google. Many compare this with the earlier antitrust investigations in the U.S. on the telecom industry and the break-up of the AT&T dictated by the Department of Justice in its Modified Final Judgment in 1982. What is different this time? However, there are important differences this time around when compared with the earlier investigations. First, the information good that is being provided by the Internet…
29 January, 2021
Cyber Security
Cambridge Analytica and FB issue The Central Bureau of Investigation has booked Cambridge Analytica (U.K.) Limited and Global Science Research Limited (U.K.) for alleged illegal harvesting of personal data of about 5.62 lakh Indian users on Facebook through an application. It stems from a preliminary enquiry launched by the agency in July 2018 on a complaint from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) following media reports alleging the illegal harvesting of personal data. MeitY had earlier sought details from Facebook and Cambridge Analytica about the alleged violations, the extent of the leak of personal data of Indian users…
23 January, 2021
Cyber Security
Analysis of Whatsapp Privacy Policy WhatsApp’s decision to delay the update of its privacy policy, following a backlash from its users, is an implicit acknowledgement of the increasing role played by perceptions about privacy in the continued well-being of a popular service. Problems for the Facebook-owned app started earlier this month when it announced an update to its terms of service and privacy policy, according to which users would no longer be able to opt out of sharing data with Facebook. February 8 was kept as the deadline for the new terms to be accepted. This triggered a mass exodus…
18 January, 2021
Privacy Vs Security
Whatsapp chats of Arnab Goswami The News Broadcasters Association (NBA) on Monday said the WhatsApp chats of Arnab Goswami were shocking. In a statement, the NBA said Republic TV be expelled from the Indian Broadcasting Foundation. The NBA Board called for Republic TV to be left out of the BARC rating system till the final court order in the matter. These WhatsApp messages not only reflect manipulation of ratings but is also about power play, it said. The messages exchanged go on to refer to the appointment of Secretaries, Cabinet reshuffle, access to the PMO (Prime Minister’s Office) and the…
19 January, 2021
Privacy Vs Security
Analysis of Whatsapp Privacy Policy Data localisation is not the only approach to protecting data privacy. Following an exodus of its users from its messaging service, WhatsApp, to apps such as Signal and Telegram, which promise more privacy options, the Facebook-owned service might have been forced to postpone the date for users to accept its new privacy policy terms to May 15. In just days after the earlier announcement by WhatsApp, Signal has emerged as the leading app on “app-stores” as Indian users signalled their discomfort with the former’s data sharing policies. WhatsApp, with 459 million users, had emerged as…
22 January, 2021
Privacy Vs Security
Whatsapp New Privacy Policy What is the news? Center has asked WhatsApp to withdraw the proposed changes to its privacy policy, stating that it raised “grave concerns” over the implications of the choice and autonomy of Indian citizens. The government pointed out that by not giving the option to opt-out of data-sharing with Facebook companies, Indian users were being treated differently from those in Europe. Whether this [the new policy] will enable better provision of service to users or not is beside the point, the issue is the impact it has on informational privacy, data security and user choice. The…
20 January, 2021
Privacy Vs Security
FATF, Pakistan and India In his speech to the UN Security Council (UNSC) marking 20 years since the resolutions that announced a global commitment to the war against terror after the U.S. 9/11 attacks, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar made a pitch for greater coordination between counter terrorism agencies worldwide. He highlighted the necessity to streamline the process of the UN’s top body in designating terrorists while strengthening coordination in the agencies that check their financial resources. First, the world must acknowledge that terrorist organisations use not only extortion and money laundering, drugs and wildlife trafficking to raise funds, but,…
14 January, 2021
FATF
FATF and arrest of Lakhvi by Pakistan The timing of Pakistan’s arrest of Zaki Ur Rahman Lakhvi, the LeT operations commander, and linked to the 2008 Mumbai attacks, just ahead of the next meeting of the global watchdog, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), has been greeted with scepticism in India. Whenever Pakistan has faced a decision on its “grey list” status, it has carried out similar actions that appear to be aimed more at ensuring a better outcome for itself at the FATF. Its arrest and conviction of Hafiz Saeed and other LeT leaders in terror-financing cases, the passing…
05 January, 2021
FATF
FATF, Terrorism and Pakistan What is the news? Nearly five years after he was released on bail in the 26/11 Mumbai attacks case, Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) operations commander Zaki-ur-Rahman Lakhvi was arrested in Pakistan by its Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) on charges of using terror funds. The timing of the arrest is significant as it comes ahead of meetings of the global watchdog Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and its Asia Pacific Joint Group (APJG, which will consider Pakistan’s “greylist” status, meant for countries “under increased monitoring”. Lakhvi is accused of running a dispensary using funds collected for terrorism financing. He…
03 January, 2021
FATF
Facial Recognition System Context: GS III Internal Security-Cyber Security (UPSC Prelims and Mains) It is a biometric technology that uses distinctive features of the face to identify and distinguish an individual. Over a period of almost 6 decades, it has evolved in many ways- from looking at 3D contours of a face to recognizing skin patterns. The facial recognition system works primarily by capturing the face & its features through the camera and then using various kinds of software to reconstruct those features. The captured face along with its features is stored into a database, which can be integrated with…
03 January, 2021
Cyber Security
Akash missile to be exported As part of efforts to boost defence exports, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the export of the indigenously developed and manufactured Akash short-range Surface to Air Missile (SAM) system. It also approved the high-level committee formed to expedite the clearance of such exports. Besides Akash, there was interest coming in for other major platforms such as the Coastal Surveillance System, radars and air platforms, the Defence For faster approval of export of such platforms, a committee comprising the Defence Minister, the External Affairs Minister and the National Security Advisor had…
31 December, 2020
Internal security
Cyber Security Cybercrime is a crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used to commit the crime and in many cases, it is also the target. Cybercrime may threaten a person or a nation’s security and financial health. In a computing context, security includes both cyber security and physical security. Currently, almost 70 categories of cyber security products have been identified. These include products used for data loss prevention, security analytics, big data analytics, web security, antivirus, mobile payments, mobile data protection, cloud security, spam-free email solutions, among others. National Cyber Security Policy, 2013…
22 September, 2021
Cyber Security
Inner Line Permit – UPSC According to the Constitution of India, all Indian citizens are free to live and work in any state of the country, but entry to certain states with a protected status requires authorisation by the concerned state government i.e special permissions are required to visit these areas. Such a permit authorising an Indian citizen to enter a protected area is referred to as an 'inner line permit' as it grants entry to areas lying between the international boundary and the so-called "Inner Line" of the country. About ILP The ILP is an official travel document issued…
28 December, 2020
Internal security
Shaheen IX Exercise The air forces of Pakistan and China on Wednesday commenced a joint exercise designed to deepen practical cooperation and improve the actual-combat training level of the two sides. The joint air force exercise "Shaheen (Eagle)-IX" started on Wednesday at an operational air base of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) in Sindh province. Shaheen-IX is the ninth in the series of Joint Air Exercises which is conducted each year in both countries on an alternate basis. The first such drill was held in Pakistan in March 2011. China and Pakistan share close military ties. China helps Pakistan to…
23 December, 2020
Internal security
Super Hornet fighter jets being tested for Navy use The F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet is the world’s most lethal, advanced, combat-proven, multi-role frontline fighter jet. The Block III version which is currently being manufactured for the United States Navy will enable the Indian armed forces to challenge the next generation of adversaries. Hornet would do well with the Indian Navy’s Short Takeoff but Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) system and validate earlier simulation studies done over the last 2 years. The F/A18 Block III Super Hornet would not only provide superior warfighting capability to the Indian Navy but also create opportunities for…
22 December, 2020
Internal security
Information Fusion Center - Indian Ocean Region (IFC - IOR) IFC IOR was set up by the Indian Navy in 2018 within the premises of the Information Management and Analysis Center (IMAC), Gurugram to track maritime movements in the region. It is for coastal surveillance and monitoring. It is a single-point centre linking all coastal radar chains to generate a seamless real-time picture of the 7500 km coastline. France is the 1st country to deploy LO at IFC-IOR followed by the USA, Australia, Japan etc. IMAC is a joint initiative of the Navy, Coast Guard and BEL and functions…
22 December, 2020
Internal security
Protest Against Bru Resettlement Recently, parts of north Tripura have witnessed violent protests over the proposed resettlement of Bru tribals. Background: Bru or Reang is a community indigenous to Northeast India, living mostly in Tripura, Mizoram and Assam. In Tripura, they are recognised as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group. In Mizoram, they have been targeted by groups that do not consider them indigenous to the state. In 1997, following ethnic clashes, nearly 37,000 Brus fled the Mamit, Kolasib and Lunglei districts of Mizoram and were accommodated in relief camps in Tripura. Since then, 5,000 have returned to Mizoram in eight…
26 November, 2020
Internal security
About FATF The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog. The inter-governmental body sets international standards that aim to prevent these illegal activities and the harm they cause to society. As a policy-making body, the FATF works to generate the necessary political will to bring about national legislative and regulatory reforms in these areas. With more than 200 countries and jurisdictions committed to implementing them. The FATF has developed the FATF Recommendations, or FATF Standards, which ensure a co-ordinated global response to prevent organised crime, corruption and terrorism. They help authorities go after…
28 June, 2020
FATF
FATF | On the warpath against terror financing FATF’s 8 POINT AMENDMENT # In October 2001, in the wake of the 9/11 terror attacks in the U.S., the plenary session of a little-known global organisation based in Paris working on money laundering and white collar crimes, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), met in Washington DC to discuss a radical shift in its goals. # It was already very clear to U.S. investigators that the attacks pointed to a terror network around the world from Germany to Karachi, Dubai to London and Kabul, and each thread had to be tracked…
28 June, 2020
FATF
Enforcement Directorate What is an Enforcement Directorate (ED)? Enforcement Directorate (ED) is a specialized financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. On 1st May 1956, an ‘Enforcement Unit was formed in the Department of Economic Affairs for handling Exchange Control Laws violations under Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947. In 1957, it was renamed as ‘Enforcement Directorate. ED enforces the following laws: Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999. Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002. The Headquarters of Enforcement Directorate (ED) is situated in New Delhi and is headed by the Director of Enforcement. The director is appointed by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet…
09 September, 2021
Money laundering
Nuclear Command Authority (NCA) It is responsible for command, control and operational decisions regarding India's nuclear weapons programme. The organisational structure of NCA includes Political Council and Executive Council. Executive Council is headed by the National Security Advisor and Political Council is headed by Prime Minister. The Executive Council gives its opinion to the Political Council, which authorises a nuclear attack when deemed necessary. This kind of organisational structure is created to prevent the accidental or unauthorised use of nuclear weapons. Strategic Forces Command is a part of the Nuclear Command Authority, responsible to operationalize the directives of NCA and for…
25 May, 2020
Internal security
Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme The projects under the scheme will be provided with up to 75% government funding in the form of a ‘Grant-in-Aid’. Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme (DTIS) is launched with an outlay of? 400 crore for creating state-of-the-art testing infrastructure for the domestic defence and aerospace manufacturing sector. The Scheme would run for the duration of five years and envisages setting up six to eight new test facilities in partnership with private industry. This will facilitate indigenous defence production, consequently, reducing imports of military equipment and helping make the country self-reliant. The projects under the scheme will be provided with up…
16 May, 2020
Internal security
Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Sachet and two interceptor boats (IBs) C-450 and C-451 Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Sachet and two interceptor boats (IBs) C-450 and C-451 have been commissioned. The ICGS Sachet, the first in the series of five offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) has been designed & built indigenously by Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) and is fitted with state-of-the-art navigation and communication equipment. Indian Coast Guard is the fourth largest Coast Guard in the world, it has established itself as a reliable force. It not only protects our coastline and coastal community, but also protects economic activities, and…
16 May, 2020
Internal security
Border Roads Organisation (BRO) Context: The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has raised its benchmark of excellence yet again by extending access to the formidable Zojila at an altitude of 11,649 ft, which links the Union Territory of Ladakh with the rest of the country. For the first time, the Zojila pass remained open beyond 31st December. It is the arterial road connecting Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh from the rest of the country. The pass was opened on May 18, last year. About Border Road Organisation (BRO): The Border Road Organisation develops and maintains road networks in India’s border areas…
05 January, 2022
Security Forces & Agencies
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