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Recently, Prime Minister announced Pradhan Mantri Suryodaya Yojana under which 1 crore households will get rooftop solar power systems. India’s Status of Current Solar Capacity India currently stands at 4th place globally in solar power capacity. As per Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), solar power installed capacity in India has reached around 73.31 GW as of 2023. Solar power has the major share in the country’s current renewable energy capacity, which stands at around 180 GW. In total solar capacity, Rajasthan is at top with 18.7GW followed by Gujarat. As of 2023, Rooftop solar installed capacity is around 11.08 GW. Gujarat (2.8 GW) tops…
06 February, 2024
Energy
Rs 17,490 crore has been set aside for the Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) programme, to bolster domestic electrolyser manufacturing, green hydrogen production. About Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) Programme It is a subcomponent of National Green Hydrogen Mission. Aim: To bolster domestic electrolyser manufacturing and green hydrogen production. In the initial stage, two distinct financial incentive mechanisms were proposed with an outlay of ? 17,490 crore up to 2029-30: Incentive for manufacturing of electrolysers Incentive for production of green hydrogen. Depending on the markets and technology development, specific incentive schemes and programmes will continue to evolve as the Mission progresses. Implementing…
03 February, 2024
Energy
NHPC Limited and Gujarat govt sign MoU for Rs.4,000 crore in the proposed 750 MW Kuppa Pumped Hydro Storage Project in Chhota Udaipur, Gujarat. It aims to utilize pumped hydro storage projects for energy storage and addressing. It is a part of “Vibrant Gujarat” initiative.
13 January, 2024
Energy
Cumulative Roof Top Solar (RTS) in India has crossed 10 GW and Gujarat has emerged as the leader in the segment with a contribution of 30% to the total capacity. Gujarat’s share was 3.2 GW, followed by Maharashtra at 1.9 GW and Rajasthan at 1.1 GW capacity. According to Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) the Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of RTS installations during Mar, 2019 to Nov, 2023 is about 46%.
31 December, 2023
Energy
Biofuel Export The government changed the rules for exporting biofuel from special economic zones (SEZs) and export-oriented units (EOUs), allowing it to be exported without restriction for both fuel and non-fuel uses as long as the biofuel is made using an imported feedstock. After placing similar limitations on their imports, the Indian government restricted the export of biofuels in 2018. Highlight The notification from August 2018 limited the export of biofuels and mandated licences for both imports and exports. Ethyl alcohol, petroleum oil, oils derived from bituminous materials, bio-diesel, and mixtures are examples of biofuels. The amendment maintains the ban…
04 April, 2023
Energy
Karnataka Tops India’s State Energy Transition Karnataka and Gujarat have emerged as India's frontrunners in the switch to clean electricity, according to a report by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) and Ember. While the IEEFA studies topics relating to energy markets, trends, and regulations, Ember is an independent, not-for-profit think tank focused on climate and energy concerns. What are the Report's Highlights? Methods of Evaluation: In the report "Indian States' Energy Transition," 16 States, which produce 90% of India's electricity, were given scores based on performance against four major criteria: Decarbonisation: Functionality of the Power System…
06 March, 2023
Energy
Risk of Switching to Clean Energy from Fossil Energy According to a study recently published in the journal Global Environmental Change, India's banking sector is extremely vulnerable to the risks associated with the country's economy shifting from being heavily dependent on fossil fuels to clean energy. What has been discovered? Change can have a negative impact on: As a result of its strong exposure to fossil fuel-related activities, India's banking sector will be negatively impacted by any switch to clean energy. The extraction of oil and gas accounts for 60% of credit to the mining industry. Petroleum refining and allied…
28 January, 2023
Energy
ENERGY SECURITY IN INDIA Increasing the variety of energy sources, expanding India's footprint in exploration and production, India is concentrating on alternative energy sources and tackling the energy transition through a gas-based economy, green hydrogen, and electric vehicles (EVs) . By adding new suppliers including Columbia, Russia, Libya, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, etc., India increased the number of its crude oil suppliers from 27 nations in 2006–07 to 39 in 2021–22. India will provide 25% of the world’s energy demand by 2040 and would blend 20% ethanol into gasoline by 2025. Energy security: What is it? The goal of energy security is…
14 January, 2023
Energy
Russia’s Advanced Fuel Option for KKNPP Rosatom, Russia's state-owned nuclear energy corporation, recently offered a more advanced fuel option to India's largest nuclear power plant in Kudankulam (KKNPP), Tamil Nadu. It will be able to run its reactors for an extended two-year cycle without stopping to load new fuel. Kundankulma Nuclear Power Plant Reactors (KKNPP) Update: TVEL Fuel Company, a subsidiary of Rosatom, is the current supplier of TVS - 2 M fuel for the two VVER 1,000 MWe reactors that power the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KKNPP). Because this fuel has an 18-month fuel cycle, the reactor must be…
05 December, 2022
Energy
Coal: Dominant energy source in India Despite efforts to transition to renewable energy, coal will continue to be India's dominant energy source. What is the country's current energy capacity? According to Climate Action Tracker projections, fossil fuel accounts for more than half of the country's installed energy capacity and is expected to reach around 266 gigatonnes by 2029-2030. Domestic coal demand is expected to rise from 678 million tonnes in 2021-2022 to 1,018.2 million tonnes in 2031-32. This means that India's coal consumption will rise by 40%. What is the Cause of Rising Coal Demand? Coal is used in the…
29 November, 2022
Energy
Compressed Biogas (CBG) According to the Union Petroleum Minister, Compressed BioGas (CBG) is essential, and the government is taking all appropriate measures to advance the CBG ecosystem. About: In Lehragaga, Sangrur in the province of Punjab, the Union Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas and Housing & Urban Affairs officially opened the largest compressed biogas facility in Asia. The Sangrur CBG facility served as the launch pad for India's grand strategy for a CBG-based rural economy. One of Germany's top bioenergy firms, Verbio AG, invested around Rs. 220 crores in FDI to commission the Plant. The usefulness of CBG Plant…
18 October, 2022
Energy
The First Solar-Powered Village in India Modhera, a village in Gujarat's Mehsana district, was recently dubbed India's first solar-powered village by the prime minister. What Standout Features Define India's First Solar-Powered Village? Modhera Village is well-known for its Sun Temple, a revered historic landmark located on the Pushpavati River. It was constructed in 1026–1027 by Chalukya dynasty King Bhima–I. The temple will get a 3-D projection system that will educate visitors about Modhera's past. Solar Power Generation: The solar power village will utilise 1000 solar panels that have been installed on the village homes to generate electricity 24 hours a…
11 October, 2022
Energy
Ethanol Plants The Indian government declared on World Biofuel Day 2022, 10 August, that a second generation (2G) ethanol facility would be built at the Indian Oil Corporation's refinery in Haryana. Image Source - Regreen excel This ethanol plant will provide more money and green fuel while also assisting in the reduction of air pollution in the Delhi and NCR areas. About Ethanol Plant By using around 2 lakh tonnes of rice straw (parali) annually to produce roughly 3 crore liters of ethanol, it will support India's waste-to-wealth initiatives. In addition to paddy straw, this plant will also use trash…
12 August, 2022
Energy
Difference between Petroleum, Natural Gas, LNG, LPG and H-CNG Petroleum / Mineral oil Natural Gas Found in sedimentary rocks of marine origin Formed by decomposition of tiny marine creatures, plants & vegetation under mud, silt & sand. Over the years, it undergoes chemical changes to form crude oil & natural gas under the action of heat & pressure. 20 % of India’s crude oil & gas demand is produced domestically & 80 % is imported from (UAE, Saudi, Iran, Russia). Jamnagar Refineries of Reliance industries is world largest refinery complex. HPCL is a Navratna company. It has 2 refineries - Mumbai…
01 February, 2022
Energy
National Biofuel Policy, 2018 About Ethanol: About 5% of the ethanol produced in the world in 2003 was actually a petroleum product. It is made by the catalytic hydration of ethylene with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. It can also be obtained via ethylene or acetylene, from calcium carbide, coal, oil gas, and other sources. Bio-ethanol is usually obtained from the conversion of carbon-based feedstock. Agricultural feedstocks are considered renewable because they get energy from the sun using photosynthesis, provided that all minerals required for growth (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) are returned to the land. Ethanol can be produced…
27 January, 2022
Energy
National Electricity Policy-Revision GS-Paper-3: Economic reform – UPSC PRELIMS – Mains Application The government has decided to revise the National Electricity Policy-NEP by invoking Section 3 of the Electricity Act, 2003. The 2003 Act mandates that the central government shall prepare the NEP in consultation with the state governments and the Central Electricity Authority. The government has constituted a committee now. It would finalise the draft NEP which has been circulated, after seeking views of stakeholders. The first NEP was formulated in 2005. Progress since 2005: Between 2005 and 2021, generation capacity (inclusive of renewable capacity) has gone up by…
21 January, 2022
Energy
Need for Saubhagya Scheme: Introduction Access to electricity definitely has a positive impact on the quality of life of people in all aspects of daily household chores and human development. Firstly , Access to electricity would substitute use of Kerosene for lighting purposes resulting in reduction in indoor pollution thereby saving people from health hazards. Further, electricity access would help in establishing efficient and modern health services in all parts of the country. Lighting after the sunset also provide a sense of enhanced personal safety especially for women and increase in post sunset social as well as economic activities. Availability…
26 September, 2021
Energy
Natural Gas Grid in India About Natural Gas Natural gas is a fossil energy source that formed deep beneath the earth's surface. Natural gas contains many different compounds. The largest component of natural gas is methane, a compound with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH4). Natural gas also contains smaller amounts of natural gas liquids (NGL, which are also hydrocarbon gas liquids), and nonhydrocarbon gases, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor. We use natural gas as a fuel and to make materials and chemicals. It is found along with other fossil fuels and escapes while drilling underground…
23 August, 2021
Energy
Hydrocarbon Vision 2030 for Northeast India Union Ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas (MoPNG) has released the Hydrocarbon Vision 2030 for north-east India in 2016. The Hydrocarbon Vision 2030 outlines steps to leverage the hydrocarbon sector for social and economic development of the north-east region. The states covered under it are Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, Mizoram and Tripura. Key features of the Hydrocarbon Vision 2030 Objective: To leverage the north-east region’s hydrocarbon potential, improve the availability of petroleum products, enhance access to clean fuels, facilitate economic development and link common people to the economic activities in this…
15 August, 2021
Energy
Pradhan Mantri Urja Ganga Project Pradhan Mantri Urja Ganga project is also known as Jagdishpur – Haldia & Bokaro – Dhamra Pipeline Project (JHBDPL). It is a gas pipeline project that aims to provide cooking gas to people. It was launched in 2016 in Varanasi and later extended to people in the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha and Jharkhand. The government is taking the initiative to connect the eastern states with the national gas grid. The total length of the pipeline under the Pradhan Mantri Urja Ganga Project is approximately 3,384 km, out of which 766 km of pipeline…
15 August, 2021
Energy
North East Gas Grid Project In only the second instance of the government directly funding a gas pipeline, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on Wednesday approved a ? 5,559 crore viability gap funding of 60% for the proposed northeast gas grid. About 20% of India’s natural gas production comes from the North-East. Out of about 75 million standard cubic meters per day of gas output, 15 mmscmd come from North East. Currently, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura have established gas production potential while there are possibilities for the same in Nagaland and Manipur. The 1,656-km North-East Natural Gas…
15 August, 2021
Energy
PM Ujjwala Yojana 2.0 In India, the poor have limited access to cooking gas (LPG). The spread of LPG cylinders has been predominantly in the urban and semi-urban areas with the coverage mostly in middle class and affluent households. But there are serious health hazards associated with cooking based on fossil fuels. According to WHO estimates, about 5 lakh deaths in India alone due to unclean cooking fuels. Most of these premature deaths were due to non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Indoor air pollution is also responsible for a significant number…
09 August, 2021
Energy
NTPC Group achieves over 100 Billion Units of cumulative generation in the 2020-21 financial year NTPC Group companies under the Ministry of Power have achieved over 100 Billion Units (BU) of cumulative generation. NTPC Korba (2600 MW) in Chattisgarh is the top performing thermal power plant in India with 97.61% Plant Load Factor (PLF) between April to June 2021, as per the data published by Central Electricity Authority (CEA). With a total installed capacity of 66085 MW, NTPC Group has 71 Power stations including 29 Renewable projects. NTPC has set a target to install 60 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy…
25 July, 2021
Energy
Power Generation from non-fossil fuel sources Renewable Energy Targets The government of India had set a target of 1,75,000 MW installed capacity from renewable sources by the year 2022 which includes 1,00,000 MW from Solar, 60,000 MW from Wind, 10,000 MW from Biomass and 5000 MW from Small Hydro. Present Status As on 30.06.2021, the total capacity of Renewable Energy installed was 96.95 GW. This does not include large Hydro, which is also renewable. As on 30.06.2021, the total power generation capacity installed from non-fossil fuel sources was 150.06 GW; which is 39% of the total installed capacity. Therefore, India…
24 July, 2021
Energy
The government has encouraged setting up Ethanol plants The entrepreneurs/project proponents are free to set up ethanol plants in any part of the country without seeking any formal approval from the Government of India. However, various statutory clearances from States/ Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC)/State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs), etc. are required to be obtained during the course of setting up of the ethanol plant. Besides, DFPD is implementing a scheme for extending interest subvention @ 6% p.a. or 50% of the interest charged by the banks whichever is lower, for 5 years including 1 year moratorium…
20 July, 2021
Energy
National policy on Biofuels About Ethanol: About 5% of the ethanol produced in the world in 2003 was actually a petroleum product. It is made by the catalytic hydration of ethylene with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. It can also be obtained via ethylene or acetylene, from calcium carbide, coal, oil gas, and other sources. Bio-ethanol is usually obtained from the conversion of carbon-based feedstock. Agricultural feedstocks are considered renewable because they get energy from the sun using photosynthesis, provided that all minerals required for growth (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) are returned to the land. Ethanol can be produced…
02 May, 2021
Energy
New Delhi Dialogue 2021 on The Hydrogen Economy The Union Minister inaugurated The Hydrogen Economy – New Delhi Dialogue 2021. About Hydrogen Economy – New Delhi Dialogue 2021: New Delhi Dialogue 2021 is organized by The Energy Forum(TEF), an independent think tank in India in collaboration with the Federation of Indian Petroleum Industry(FIPI). FIPI is under the patronage of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. The dialogue aims to discuss emerging hydrogen ecosystems and exploring opportunities for collaboration, cooperation and coalition. The dialogue will comprise a High-level Ministerial Session followed by Panel Discussions by eminent policymakers. The dialogue focus…
17 April, 2021
Energy
India Energy Outlook Report, 2021 GS-Paper-3 Energy security – Infrastructure development- Prelims & UPSC Interview Context: The International Energy Agency (IEA) has recently released the India Energy Outlook 2021 report. The report is highly important for UPSC examination topic ENERGY SECURITY. (1) Energy consumption India at present is the fourth-largest global energy consumer behind China, the United States and the European Union. It will overtake the European Union as the world’s third-largest energy consumer by 2030. It will account for the biggest share of energy demand growth over the next two decades. (2) Energy demand India accounts for nearly one-quarter…
07 April, 2021
Energy
Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020 Introduction The Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020, would allow consumers in India to access a continuous supply of reliable electricity. Note: Electricity is a Concurrent List and the central government has the authority and the power to make laws on it. Features The rules cover various aspects of power supply to consumers in the country, including obligations of distribution licensees, metering arrangements, the release of new connections, modifications of existing connections, grievance redressal and compensation mechanisms. Impacts Accountability: This will make the distribution companies more accountable to consumers, thus reducing their monopolies and…
24 March, 2021
Energy
World Energy Transitions Outlook Report The report was released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). It says that the Covid-19 crisis offers an unexpected opportunity for countries across the world to decouple their economies from fossil fuels. IRENA estimates that by 2050, 90% of total electricity needs would be supplied by renewables, 6% from natural gas and the remaining from nuclear. About IRENA: It is an intergovernmental organisation mandated to facilitate cooperation, advance knowledge, and promote the adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy. It is the first international organisation to focus exclusively on renewable energy, addressing needs in…
19 March, 2021
Energy
Indian Energy Exchange IEX is the first and largest nationwide energy exchange platform in India, which has been operating since 2008. It is an automated trading platform for physical delivery of electricity, Renewable Energy Certificates and Energy Saving Certificates. It enables efficient price discovery and increases the accessibility and transparency of the power market in India. The benefiting open access consumers belong to various industries such as metal, food processing, textile, chemicals, automobiles, IT industries, institutional, housing and commercial entities. It is a publicly listed company with NSE and BSE and is regulated by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC).
25 February, 2021
Energy
Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020 The many States have not been able to provide quality supply, especially to rural and small electricity consumers. The enactment of consumer-centric rules does spark a public debate that brings the rights of consumers to the fore. In this vein, the Rules lay an emphasis on national minimum standards for the performance parameters of electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs), without urban-rural distinction, especially for new connections, metering and billing. They also reiterate the need for automatically compensating consumers. But there are many questions unanswered: Will these rules really lead to better supply quality? What are…
21 January, 2021
Energy
Pipeline Network of India Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that as part of efforts to make India a natural gas-based economy, 10,000 more CNG (compressed natural gas) stations would be opened and several lakh PNG (piped natural gas) household connections given in the coming days. Inaugurating the 450-km Kochi-Koottanad-Mangaluru LNG (liquefied natural gas), Mr. Modi said the facility was part of his government’s “one nation, one gas grid” policy. The government has a concrete plan to move towards a gas-based economy that would be cheaper, convenient and environment-friendly, he said. The Prime Minister said the government would make substantial investments…
06 January, 2021
Energy
Rajasthan First State to Implement Biofuel Policy Theme: Biofuel Policy Rajasthan has become the first State in the country to implement the national policy on biofuels unveiled by the Centre in May 2018. The desert State will lay emphasis on increasing the production of oilseeds and establish a Centre for Excellence in Udaipur to promote research in the fields of alternative fuels and energy resources. A Biodiesel Plant with a capacity of 8 tonnes a day had already been installed in the state with then with the financial assistance of the Indian Railways. The State Rural Livelihood development council…
02 July, 2019
Energy
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