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Monthly DNA
It is a cyclonic storm that is expected to intensify over the Bay of Bengal. The storm is expected to cross the Bangladesh coast and bring heavy rainfall to West Bengal's coastal districts. The name Midhili was proposed by the Maldives.
15 November, 2023
Natural disaster
Doppler Weather Radar Network The Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) Systems in Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh were unveiled by the Ministry of Earth Science on the occasion of the 148th anniversary of the establishment of the India Meteorological Department (IMD). In order to provide more precise forecasts for extreme weather occurrences, the Ministry of Earth Science is also working to extend the Doppler weather radar network across the entire nation by 2025. Doppler weather radars: what are they? It is a customized radar that generates velocity information about distant objects using the Doppler effect. [Doppler phenomenon: The observer…
16 January, 2023
Natural calamities
Subsidence of the Joshimath Land (Uttarakhand) Ground subsidence caused breaches in more than 560 homes and prompted alarmed villagers to complain, as a result, the Uttarakhand government has prohibited development work in and around Joshimath. Joshimath, a vital hub for travelers heading to Badrinath and Hemkund Sahib, suffered fissures as a result of soil subsidence, which alarmed the locals and led to demonstrations. Over 60 residents who were living in untenable homes in the sinking town of Joshimath were moved to temporary relief centers after the town was declared a landslide-subsidence zone. In what region is Joshimath? Many Himalayan Mountain climbing…
07 January, 2022
Natural disaster
Himalayan Region Early Warning System Recently, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) began field studies to establish an Early-Warning System in Himalayan states against major and sudden floods, rockslides, landslides, glacier lake bursts, and avalanches. What are Early Warning Systems? The Early Warning System is an integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, disaster risk assessment, communication and preparedness activities systems and processes that enable individuals, communities, governments, businesses, and others to take timely action to reduce disaster risks prior to hazardous events. It aids in the reduction of harm to…
12 November, 2022
Disaster management act
Suspension bridge Recently, a suspension bridge in Gujarat's Morbi collapsed, killing at least 134 people. The 19th century Bridge, which had just been reopened after six months of repairs, was reportedly carrying over 400 people when it collapsed. About suspension bridges It is a design where the deck is suspended on vertical suspenders underneath suspension wires. Stiffening girders, two or more main suspension cables, towers, and anchorages for cables are the primary structural elements of a suspension bridge system. The main cables, which connect to the anchorage or the bridge itself, are suspended between the towers. The weight of the…
01 November, 2022
Disaster management act
Impact of Heatwaves on Children: UNICEF In a recent report titled "Coldest Year of the Rest of Their Lives - Protecting children from the escalating impacts of heatwaves," UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) predicted that by the year 2050, nearly all children worldwide would be exposed to more frequent and severe heat waves. The United Nations (UN) has a special programme called UNICEF that supports national initiatives aimed at enhancing children's health, nutrition, education, and welfare in general. What conclusions does the UNICEF report reach? Present Situation: Around 624 million children are exposed to one of the other three high…
28 October, 2022
Natural calamities
Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF) PMNRF was instituted in 1948 by Jawaharlal Nehru to assist displaced persons from Pakistan. The fund is used to tackle natural calamities like floods, cyclones and earthquakes. The fund is also used to help with medical treatment like kidney transplantation, cancer treatment and acid attack. The fund consists entirely of public contributions and does not get any budgetary support. Not in CSR. It accepts voluntary contributions from Individuals, Organizations, Trusts, Companies Institutions etc. The fund is recognized as a Trust under the Income Tax Act and approval of the PM is important. Contributions towards PMNRF are notified for 100% deduction from taxable income under section 80(G) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
05 August, 2021
Natural calamities
Landslides in Himachal Pradesh Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope. They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. A prolonged spell of rainfall can cause a heavy landslides that can block the flow of the river for quite some time. The formation of river blocks can cause havoc to the settlements downstream on its bursting. In the hilly terrain, landslides have been a major and widely spread natural disaster that often strike life and property and occupy a position of major concern. Disasters due to landslides are…
26 July, 2021
Natural disaster
How to minimize disaster risk for glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) Suitably called Earth's “Third Pole”, the Himalayan region is home to the largest ice mass outside of the planet's Polar Regions. The glaciers in the Himalayas are melting at a faster rate creating new lakes and expanding the existing ones. Besides, the rising temperatures and extreme precipitation events make the region increasingly prone to a variety of natural hazards, including devastating glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). GLOFs occur when either a natural dam containing a glacial lake bursts or when the lake's level suddenly increases and overflows its banks,…
28 June, 2021
Flood
State Disaster Response Fund The Centre has released the first instalment of the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) for 2021-22 to all the States, in the wake of the second wave of COVID-19. Normally, the annual exercise of the release of the first instalment is usually done in June, as per the recommendations of the Finance Commission. As a special dispensation, the Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance, at the recommendation of the Home Ministry, has released in advance the first instalment of the Central share of the SDRF. Since Delhi is a Union Territory, the fund is released by…
09 May, 2021
Disaster management act
Fukushima Radioactive Water to be Released in Seas Japan is planning to release about 1 million metric tons of radioactive water from the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant. About Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant: Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant is located in the town of Okuma, Japan. The reactor is located on the country’s east coast. It is about 220 km north-east of the capital Tokyo. The 2011 Earthquake, destroyed the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant’s electricity and cooling capacity. Since then, Japan is struggling with the piling-up of contaminated water from the nuclear plant. How is Fukushima Radioactive Water being treated? Japan…
15 April, 2021
Natural disaster
Accidents at the fireworks unit in Virudhunagar Context In the latest accident at a fireworks unit in Virudhunagar, at last count, 20 lives have perished, while 28 workers are in hospital. Major fireworks Industries in Tamil Nadu are at: Virudhunagar, Cuddalore ,Sivakasi and Madurai Reasons for accidents at fireworks Industries Gross violation of norms governing the hazardous industry. Human error in handling explosive substances. Unlicensed units that have mushroomed in and outside Sivakasi mostly escape scrutiny till explosions occur. A greater concern is the illegal sub-leasing of contracts for manufacturing crackers by licensed units. Sub-leasing of works to several persons.…
16 February, 2021
Disaster management act
Nanda Devi Glacial Burst in Uttarakhand: Important PT Points The glacial burst at the Nanda Devi glacier caused flash floods in Dhauliganga & Rishiganga rivers. The tapovan-Vishnugad project located on the Dhauliganga river was washed away. While Rishiganga hydel project was located on Rishiganga River. Originating at Vasudhara Tal, a glacial lake in Uttarakhand, the Dhauliganga flows in a meandering course, which takes it through the Nanda Devi National Park. Additional Info About these River Systems: Dhauliganga river meets River Alaknanda at Vishnuprayag. Dhauliganga is joined by Rishiganga river at Raini. Pindari River meets Alaknanda River at Karnaprayag. Mandakini River…
08 February, 2021
Flood
Uttarakhand floods Introduction The staggering collapse of part of a glacier in Uttarakhand’s Nanda Devi mountain and the ensuing floods that have claimed many lives come as a deadly reminder that this fragile, geologically dynamic region. Reason of flash floods A significant slice of the glacier, dislodged by a landslide, produced roaring torrents in the Rishiganga and Dhauliganga rivers in Chamoli district, trapping unsuspecting workers at two hydro power project sites (Tapovan project and Tapovan-Vishnughad project). Risks of hydroelectric power projects Once the crucible of environmentalism, epitomised by Sunderlal Bahuguna, Gaura Devi and the Chipko movement. The State’s deep gorges…
09 February, 2021
Flood
Flash Droughts What are Flash droughts? Flash droughts are those that occur very quickly, with soil moisture depleting rapidly. Normally, developing drought conditions take months, but these happen within a week or two weeks’ time. Several factors including atmospheric anomalies, and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions play an important role. In 1979, India faced a severe flash drought, affecting about 40% of the country and taking a toll on agriculture. An article published that year in the journal India International Centre Quarterly noted that the big granaries of Uttar Pradesh and Andhra were affected, and the country suffered a loss of…
24 January, 2021
Drought
India much safer against Tsunami threat: INCOIS Tsunamis Definition: Tsunamis are a series of waves usually generated by movement of the sea floor. These movements are caused by different types of geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, landslides and volcanic eruptions. The word tsunami is a Japanese word, represented by two characters: tsu, meaning, "harbor", and nami meaning, "wave". They frequently occur in the Pacific, where dense oceanic plates slide under the lighter continental plates. When these plates fracture they provide a vertical movement of the seafloor that allows a quick and efficient transfer of energy from the solid earth to…
27 October, 2020
Natural disaster
National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) National Disaster Response Fund is defined in Section 46 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act) as a fund managed by the Central Government to meet the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation due to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. NDRF is constituted to supplement the funds of the State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF) of the states to facilitate immediate relief in case of calamities of a severe nature. It is a public authority and comes under the ambit of the Right to Information. Now, individual contributions to COVID19 are also allowed. The…
20 June, 2020
Disaster management act
A joint fight by India and Pakistan, over the years: To control the Locusts swarms In 1993, as swarms of locusts started coming into Jaisalmer. As another locust swarm comes from Pakistan. The Ministry of External Affairs says it has reached out to Pakistan for cooperation, and is awaiting their response. Despite the ups and downs in the bilateral relationship, cooperation on the locust warning system has survived the wars, terrorist attacks, and political turmoil. History of outbreaks While legend has it that locusts were part of the Mahabharata during Karna’s battle with Arjuna, modern-day records suggest that since the…
29 May, 2020
Natural disaster
Locust attack: How they arrived, the seriousness of the problem, and ways to solve it What are ‘desert locusts’ doing in non-desert lands? Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria), which belong to the family of grasshoppers, normally live and breed in semi-arid or desert regions. For laying eggs, they require bare ground, which is rarely found in areas with dense vegetation. So, they can breed in Rajasthan but not in the Indo-Gangetic plains or Godavari and Cauvery delta. But green vegetation is required for hopper development. Hopper is the stage between the nymph that is hatched from the eggs, and the winged…
29 May, 2020
Natural disaster
MHRD has ensured safe shifting of stranded students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas Context Union Human Resource Development Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank' informed that Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti has, on 15th May, 2020, successfully completed the exercise of shifting of over 3000 students who were staying in 173 Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas in various parts of the country during the lockdown period. In the backdrop of COVID-19 situation, the Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) had pre-poned its summer vacation schedule and the JNVs were closed w.e.f. 21.3.2020. While majority of the students of the JNVs could travel to their respective residences (which are…
22 May, 2020
Natural disaster
Violations of MHA Guidelines are being reported at various places across the country Strict Implementation of all measures in Government guidelines is essential to containing the spread of COVID-19. However, violations in the implementation of MHA Guidelines are being reported at various places across the country. Taking note of this the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has written to all States/UTs and emphasised that the Ministry’s guidelines should be strictly implemented, and all authorities in States/UTs should take necessary steps to ensure the same. States and UTs are now empowered to delineate various zones and decide on the activities…
22 May, 2020
Disaster management act
Doppler Weather Radar Context Extremely severe Cyclone Amphan very likely to move north-northeastwards across northwest Bay of Bengal and cross West Bengal – Bangladesh coasts between Digha (West Bengal) and Hatiya Islands (Bangladesh) close to Sundarbans during Afternoon to Evening hours of 20th May 2020 with maximum sustained wind speed of 155-165 kmph gusting to 185 kmph. The system is now being continuously tracked by the Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) at Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Paradip (Odisha) and Gopalpur (Odisha). About Doppler Weather Radar What is Radar? Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a device which uses electromagnetic waves in the…
20 May, 2020
Natural disaster
Section 54 in the Disaster Management Act, 2005 Punishment for false warning.—Whoever makes or circulates a false alarm or warning as to disaster or its severity or magnitude, leading to panic, shall on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to one year or with a fine. Whoever makes or circulates a false alarm or warning as to disaster or its severity or magnitude, leading to panic, shall on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to one year or with a fine.
19 May, 2020
Disaster management act
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the apex statutory body for disaster management in India. The NDMA was formally constituted on 27th September 2006, in accordance with the Disaster Management Act, 2005 with Prime Minister as its Chairperson and nine other members, and one such member to be designated as Vice-Chairperson. Mandate: Its primary purpose is to coordinate response to natural or man-made disasters and for capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response. It is also the apex body to lay down policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure a timely and effective response to disasters. Vision: To build a safer…
28 September, 2021
Disaster management act
Disaster Management in India Part of: GS-III- Disaster Management (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Disruption on a massive scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short or long periods of time is termed a Disaster. Disaster management in India has been an important point of discussion owing to frequent natural disasters ranging from earthquakes, floods, drought etc. What is a Disaster? A disaster is defined as a disruption on a massive scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short or long periods of time. Disasters can lead to human, material, economic or environmental hardships, which can be beyond the bearable capacity of the affected…
25 November, 2021
Disaster management act
Gearing up for floods during coronavirus pandemic Part of: GS-III- Disaster management (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The National Disaster Response Force is preparing to face the twin challenges in many States. With the monsoon around the corner, the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is preparing to face the twin challenge of coronavirus (COVID-19) and floods in different parts of the country. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast a normal monsoon, which is expected to hit Kerala on June 1. Action plan Over the past week, the NDRF has been working on an action plan to meet all possible exigencies. The top brass…
29 April, 2020
Flood
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