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Deep sea organisms plays a crucial role in the earth’s carbon cycle through the process of diel vertical migration. It is a synchronised vertical movement of billions of animals, mostly zooplankton (e.g., smallish animals, including fish, various shrimp, and jellies) in the ocean. DVM is the largest migration on the planet by biomass which occurs daily in all oceans. Principle – A delicate balance between the need to feed and to avoid becoming prey. Timing of migration – In tune to the natural rhythms of sunrise and sunset. During the night – They ascent from the mesopelagic layer to the epipelagic layer to graze on the microscopic phytoplankton while…
09 December, 2023
Ecosystem
Recently, scientist estimated that the total taxonomic diversity of Chilika lagoon in Odisha is about 1,071 families across the tree of life using environmental DNA (eDNA) method. Chilika lagoon in Odisha is the country’s largest brackish water lagoon. eDNA – It is the nuclear or mitochondrial DNA that is released from an organism into the environment through natural processes during their lifetime or after death. Sources of eDNA- Secreted feces, mucous, and gametes; shed skin and hair; and carcasses. eDNA method - A non-invasive method to assess the total biodiversity of any ecosystem by sequencing the DNA found in the environments. Developed by – Laboratory for…
06 November, 2023
Ecosystem
SAIME Initiative in Sundarbans A fresh shrimp farming effort in Sundarbans raises the prospect of mangrove regeneration. What does SAIME stand for? Farmers in West Bengal have started growing shrimp on 30 hectares as part of the Sustainable Aquaculture In Mangrove Ecosystem (SAIME) initiative. Farmers are planting mangrove trees around the shrimp ponds. Earlier farmers had to buy shrimp feed, now the mangrove leaf litter provides nourishment for the crustaceans NGOs like Naturland, Bangladesh Environment and Development Society (BEDS), Global Nature Fund (GNF), and Nature Environment and Wildlife Society (NEWS) are spearheading the community-based effort of sustainable shrimp cultivation, which…
03 January, 2023
Ecosystem
Report On Amazon Rainforest Recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) titled "Living Amazon Report" 2022 claims that 35% of the rainforest has either completely disappeared or is severely degraded. The study was presented at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's 27th Conference of Parties (COP27), which took place in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. The paper summarised the main stresses and change-causing factors, described the current state of the Amazon biome and basin, and provided a conservation strategy. What are the Report's Highlights? Huge sections of the Amazon rainforest, which act as the planet's lungs and carbon sinks,…
23 November, 2022
Ecosystem
Ramsar sites and Wetlands in India Context: A wetland is a place where the land is covered by water. Marshes, ponds, the edge of a lake/ocean, the delta at the mouth of a river, low-lying areas that frequently flood — all of these are wetlands. Wetlands of international importance are also known as Ramsar sites. Wetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment and the associated plant and animal life. They occur where the water table is at or near the surface of the land, or where the land is covered by water. Wetlands are defined…
01 February, 2022
Ecosystem
Lake Sambhar is shrinking About Sambhar Lake The Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake, is located 80 km southwest of the city of Jaipur and 64 km northeast of Ajmer, Rajasthan. It surrounds the historical Sambhar Lake Town. The lake receives water from six rivers: Mantha, Rupangarh, Khari, Khandela, Medtha and Samod. The lake is an extensive saline wetland , with water depth fluctuating from as few as 60 centimetres (24 in) during the dry season to about 3 meters (10 ft) at the end of the monsoon season. Sambhar has been designated as a Ramsar site (recognized…
27 August, 2021
Ecosystem
Total Ramsar Sites in India are now 46! Four more wetlands from India get recognition from the Ramsar Secretariat as Ramsar sites. These sites are Thol and Wadhwana from Gujarat and Sultanpur and Bhindawas from Haryana. With this, the number of Ramsar sites in India is 46 and the surface area covered by these sites is now 1,083,322 hectares. While Haryana gets its first Ramsar sites, Gujarat gets three more after Nalsarovar which was declared in 2012. The aim of the Ramsar list is “to develop and maintain an international network of wetlands which are important for the conservation of global…
23 August, 2021
Ecosystem
Wetlands and Conservation Wetlands are the lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or land is covered by shallow water. Productivity of Estuaries > Swamp, Marshes, Wetlands > Coral Reefs > Equatorial and Tropical rainforests > Savannah. Definition: Areas of marsh, fen, peatland/ water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with static or flowing water, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the "depth of which is < 6 m". Waterlogged soil for at least 7 days, adapted plant life (hydrophytes) and hydric soils (not enough Oxygen) are the main characteristics of Wetlands. It occupies 18.4% of the…
27 July, 2021
Ecosystem
Water Conservation Introduction There are only two unpolluted fresh water sources left in the country, which we must conserve and use While we are still in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is airborne, we have forgotten that another such blight could well come from contaminated water. Reasons for rising in mutation among vaccines NITI Ayog and WaterAid, amongst others, have found that over 70% of India’s surface and groundwater is contaminated by human and other waste and is likely to carry viruses. Indiscriminate human activity is often the reason for environmental degradation and pandemics. The practice of keeping…
25 March, 2021
Ecosystem
Sunderbans is home to 428 species of birds, says ZSI The Indian Sunderbans, which is part of the largest mangrove forest in the world, is home to 428 species of birds, a recent publication of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) states. The publication, Birds of the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, released earlier this month by the ZSI, not only documents the avifauna of the Sunderbans, but also serves as a comprehensive photographic field guide, with detailed distribution and locality data for all the species from the region. Authors of the publication said the book, with photographs of the males and…
24 January, 2021
Ecosystem
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