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The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP) is a zoo in Darjeeling, India. It's also known as the Darjeeling Zoo and is the largest high-altitude zoo in the country. The zoo is dedicated to wildlife conservation and is known for its breeding programs for red pandas, Himalayan salamanders, Tibetan wolves, and snow leopards. World Association for Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) has recently annpunced that it has the world’s largest number of snow leopards in captivity.
31 January, 2024
Conservation
Odisha’s Bhitarkanika national park will soon be connected by rail as the proposed Jajpur Road-Dhamra railway line will pass through the park. Location: It is located in Kendrapara district in the state of Odisha. It is India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem after the Sunderbans. The national park that is sprawling across 672 km² of mangrove swamp is situated on a delta formed by rivers, namely Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamra. The national park was established in September 1998 and was built in the heart of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, founded in 1975. Proximity to the Bay of Bengal makes the soil of the area enriched with salts; the vegetation…
28 January, 2024
Conservation
After relocating deer from Cuttack, the Odisha state government is planning to introduce Sambar and Gaur (bison) in the Chandaka-Dampara wildlife sanctuary. It is located in Khurda district of Odisha represents the north-eastern limits of Eastern Ghats. It is also a home to a number of threatened wild animals and birds. This landscape got sanctuary status in 1982. The climate of the area is tropical with three distinct and well marked seasons i.e. summer, Rainy season and winter. Vegetation: Flora is moderately diverse with intimate mixture of evergreen and deciduous elements. The area comes under semi-evergreen forest zone but the interplay of biotic…
28 January, 2024
Conservation
Some of Africa’s dry areas face serious water shortages due to minimal rainfall. An ancient system of drawing water from aquifers, the “qanat system”, could help. Qanat system It is an ancient type of water-supply system, developed and still used in arid regions of the world.It taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the water downhill through a series of gently sloping tunnels. The qanats have been used for centuries in arid and semi-arid parts of north Africa, the Middle East and Asia, where water supplies are limited. It’s known by a…
26 January, 2024
Conservation
January 5 is observed as National Birds Day introduced by U.S.A in 2002 and followed in some parts of the world. It is aimed at raising awareness for the conservation of avian species that have been adversely affected by habitat destruction, reducing food choices and climate change. The theme of the National Birds Day 2024 is ‘Right to Fight’. Birds in News - Jungle Babbler, Oriental Magpie-Robin, Common Hoopoe, Indian Roller, Indian white-eye, Brown-headed barbet, House Sparrow.
19 January, 2024
Conservation
On 12th August 2011, the NMCG was listed as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. It acted as the implementation arm of the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) which was constituted under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA),1986. NGRBA was dissolved in 2016 and replaced by the National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection, and Management of River Ganga. Objective: The objective of the NMCG is to reduce pollution and ensure the rejuvenation of the Ganga River.Namami Gange is one of the Coveted Programmes of NMCG to clean Ganga. This can be achieved by promoting intersectoral coordination for comprehensive planning & management and maintaining minimum ecological flow in the…
18 January, 2024
Conservation
Recently, Airgun Surrender Abhiyan was selected as a model wildlife conservation programme by UNESCO. An initiative to get local residents involved in environmental management and wildlife protection. Launched in – 2021. Launched by – Arunachal Pradesh. Aim – To discourage hunting and raise awareness about the detrimental effects of wildlife killing. To encourage the voluntary surrender of airguns and licensed guns to check their use in hunting birds and other wildlife. Collaborations - With local communities, administrative departments, NGOs, and community-based organisations. Lumdung was declared as 1st Airgun free village of Arunachal Pradesh, where 46 air guns were surrendered. Activities – Awareness campaign to maintain the tradition of hunting in the old style without guns…
28 December, 2023
Conservation
Nandankanan Zoological Park (NZP) is a zoo and botanical garden established in 1960 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Nandankanan is India's first zoo to join the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2009. Nandankanan is the first zoo in the World to breed White tiger and Melanistic tiger. Nandankanan is the only conservation breeding centre of Indian Pangolins in the world.
28 December, 2023
Conservation
Valmiki Tiger Reserve lies in the West Champaran district of Bihar. It forms the eastern most limit of the Himalayan Terai forests in India, and is the only tiger reserve of Bihar. It is situated in the Gangetic plains and the forest has combination of bhabar and terai tracts. Rivers Gandak, Pandai, Manor, Harha, Masan and Bhapsa flow through various parts of the reserve.
27 December, 2023
Conservation
Wildlife officials from Madhya Pradesh has recently released 2 male cheetahs, named Agni and Vayu, into the safari area at Kuno National Park. Kuno National Park is a wildlife sanctuary and national park in Madhya Pradesh established in 1981 and is named after the Kuno River. The park is located in the Central Indian Vindhyan Hills & the only national park in India that is home to Cheetahs. The Wildlife Institute of India (WIT) and the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) selected Palpur-Kuno park as a habitat for Asiatic lions and cheetahs.
26 December, 2023
Conservation
A recent study says that free-ranging domestic cats, one of the most invasive species, were threat to conservation. They eat 2,084 species globally & pushing some species even to extinction. Among those species almost half of the species were birds, followed by reptiles and mammals. They identified that the species consumed by cats are of 16.65% of which are near-threatened or of higher concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
23 December, 2023
Conservation
Kazhuveli Wetland Birds Sanctuary is situated in the Villupuram district of Tamilnadu. The Kazhuveli wetland is one of the major wetlands on the Coromandel Coast after the Pulicat Lake. The lake is connected to the Bay of Bengal by the Uppukalli Creek and the Yedayanthittu estuary and is visited for nesting by migratory birds on the Central Asian flyway. Listed as one of Tamil Nadu’s 141 prioritised wetlands, Kazhuveli is also a wetland of international significance and a potential Ramsar site.
16 December, 2023
Conservation
The country’s river cleaning initiative commenced with the introduction of the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) in 1985. Subsequently, the scope of the program expanded to encompass other rivers under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) in 1995. The execution of pollution abatement measures operates on a cost-sharing basis between the Central and State Governments. These initiatives involve various activities such as the collection, transportation, and treatment of municipal sewage, River Front Development (RFD), Low-Cost Sanitation (LCS), Electric Crematoria, and Improved Wood-Based Crematoria, among others. Both the Central and State Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees are actively involved in addressing the…
15 December, 2023
Conservation
The GRCA was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference COP28 in Dubai in 2023. An India-led initiative inspired by India’s ‘River Cities Alliance’ (RCA). Launched by - National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG). Secretariat NMCG under Jal Shakti Ministry NIUA under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Aim – To empower global efforts towards river conservation and sustainable water management. Membership – 9 countries (Indian, Denmark, Cambodia, Japan, Bhutan, Australia, Netherlands, Egypt, and Ghana). 142 Indian River cities, river cities of Den Haag from the Netherlands, Adelaide from Australia, and Szolnok of Hungary also joined. Recently, the RCA had signed a Memorandum of Common Purpose (MoCP) with…
14 December, 2023
Conservation
Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) seized 436 baby Indian Tent turtles from a person illegally transporting them in Lucknow recently. The Indian tent turtle (Pangshura tentoria) is a species of turtle that is native to India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Indian tent turtles are mainly omnivorous and live in freshwater rivers and swamps. Conservation IUCN - Least concern CITES - Appendix II Schedule 1 of Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
14 December, 2023
Conservation
4 soft release centres being set up in Palamu Tiger Reserve (PTR) will be guarded by solar fencing recently. The Palamau Tiger Reserve (PTR) is located in Jharkhand, established in 1973 as part of Project Tiger. It is one of the first 9 tiger reserves created in the country at inception of 'Project Tiger'. It is the only tiger reserve in Jharkhand. It forms part of Betla National Park and Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary.
11 December, 2023
Conservation
A first-of-its-kind Eastern Ghats Nature Interpretation Centre in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh has been inaugurated recently. It is a project within the development of the Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary. A nature interpretation centre is a museum that aims to educate visitors about the importance of nature conservation.
11 December, 2023
Conservation
Recently, Union Minister cited that over one-third of India’s coastline is vulnerable to erosion as per the study of National Centre for Coastal Research. What are the key highlights of the study about India’s coastline? As much as 32% of India’s coastline underwent sea erosion and 27% of it expanded between 1990 and 2018 Coastal erosion- It has been noticed in 9 States and 2 Union Territories. - The report states that the west coast has relatively been stable with erosion in minor pockets like Kerala. In the west, 48% of the coastline is stable, whereas only 28% of the eastern coast has…
10 December, 2023
Conservation
Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in New Delhi and is a part of the Aravalli Mountain Range. It was established in the year 1986. It is a part of the Sariska-Delhi Wildlife Corridor, which runs from the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan to Delhi Ridge.
08 December, 2023
Conservation
The Bandipur Tiger Reserve is situated in Karnataka which holds the 2nd highest Tiger population in India. It was established in the year 1974 as a forest tiger reserve under the Project Tiger. It is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. 3 rivers flow through the main area of the Bandipur Tiger Reserve - Nugu River, Moyar River and Kabini River.
07 December, 2023
Conservation
World Elephant Day, observed globally on August 12, is a dedicated observance aimed at raising awareness about the critical challenges confronting elephants and advocating for their protection and conservation. This significant day provides a platform to emphasize the issues elephants face, encompassing habitat loss, ivory poaching, human-elephant conflicts, and the imperative for enhanced conservation endeavours. Historical Perspective: The campaign World Elephant Day was initiated in 2012 to bring awareness to the disturbing situations of African and Asian elephants.The objective of this campaign is to create a sustainable environment where animals are not exploited and taken care of. It was first observed by Canadian filmmakers…
01 December, 2023
Conservation
Scientists and conservationists across the world have expressed concerns recently that the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is outdated and unreliable. IUCN About - International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a membership organization that works to protect nature and natural resources. Established in - 1948 in Fontainebleau, France. It was originally called the International Union for the Protection of Nature and later known as the World Conservation Union. Functions - It provides public, private, and non-governmental organizations with the knowledge and tools to achieve sustainable development. IUCN’s Red Data List About - The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the Red Data Book, is…
29 November, 2023
Conservation
Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) was declared in 1974. It is situated in Bengaluru, Karnataka and borders with Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary in the South and with Javalagiri Reserved Forests in the Tamil Nadu State on its South-Eastern boundaries. There are 4 ranges in the national park, namely, Anekal, Bannerghatta, Harohalli and Kodihalli wildlife ranges. Bannerghatta’s Sloth Bear Rescue Centre completes 18 years. Sloth Bear A Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) is an omnivorous mammal that can live up to 40 years. Sloth bears are the only bears to routinely carry their young on their backs and are native to India, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Conservation Status IUCN -…
25 November, 2023
Conservation
KBR National Park, also known as Chiran Fort Palace is located in the Jubilee Hills area of Hyderabad. The park is also known as ‘jungle amidst the concrete jungle’ and was declared as a National Park in 1998. The park is named after former Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
21 November, 2023
Conservation
It is one of the largest river turtles in South America, also known as the yellow-headed sideneck turtle and the yellow-spotted river turtle. This diurnal (most active in mid-morning and afternoon turtle) is native to the Amazon River basin and can be found in the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers and are locally known as Taricayas. Conservation status - IUCN - Vulnerable. An extended heat wave and drought have shortened the incubation period for thousands of turtle hatchlings in the Peruvian Amazon recently.
18 November, 2023
Conservation
A deep bay of the Southern Ocean, the Ross Sea exists between Marie Byrd Land and Victoria Land of Antarctica. The majority of the Ross Sea Region MPA is fully protected under a General Protection Zone (GPZ). Around 72% of the MPA is a no-take zone, excluding areas under ice shelves. A no-take zone is an area set aside by the government where no extractive activity is allowed. Extractive activities include fishing, hunting, logging, mining, and drilling. Shell collecting and archaeological digging are also extractive.
07 November, 2023
Conservation
Tamil Nadu has allotted Rs 25 crores to Project Nilgiri Tahr which was launched in 2022 to protect and conserve the animal. Scientific name - Nilgiritragus hylocrius It is the only mountain ungulate (large mammals with hooves) in southern India amongst the 12 species present in India. Population estimates - 3,122 individuals in the wild (as per a report released by WWF India in 2015) Habitat – It is a sure-footed (not likely to slip) ungulate that inhabits the open montane grassland habitats at elevations from 1200 to 2600 m of the South Western Ghats. Distribution – It is endemic to Western Ghats but currently large populations are found only in…
06 November, 2023
Conservation
Dholes, also known as Asiatic wild dogs, are wild dogs native to Asia and genetically similar to African wild dogs. In India, they are found in 3 clusters (Western and Eastern Ghats, central Indian landscape and North East India). Conservation Status CITES – Appendix II IUCN - Endangered. A pair of elusive wild dogs, often referred to as Dholes, have made a rare appearance in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary of Odisha recently.
05 November, 2023
Conservation
It is important to reflect on the progress made in conserving and sustainably using the biosphere reserves. What is a Biosphere Reserve? It is an international designation for representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large area of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination thereof. BRs are living examples of how human beings and nature can co-exist while respecting each other’s needs. Designated by- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Supported by - Other UN agencies and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Function Conservation of biodiversity and cultural diversity Economic development that is socio culturally and environmentally sustainable Logistic…
05 November, 2023
Conservation
India hosts the 6th Assembly of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) started in New Delhi in 2023. ISA Assembly – It is the apex decision-making body of ISA and meets annually at the ministerial level at the ISA’s seat. International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an international organisation with 109 member countries which works to improve energy access and security worldwide and promote solar power as a sustainable way to transition to a carbon-neutral future. Presidency - The Republic of India holds the office of the President of the ISA Assembly, with the Government of the French Republic as the co-president. Participants – Member and signatory countries. Activities – It makes decisions concerning the…
02 November, 2023
Conservation
The Goa bench of the Bombay High Court directed the Goa government to notify a tiger reserve in Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) and other contiguous areas of the state within 3 months. The sanctuary is located in Goa, Western Ghats of South India. It was established in the forests spread within the Mhadei River basin in the year 1999 with an objective to protect Bengal Tigers living in this area.
01 November, 2023
Conservation
Indian Star Tortoise An extensive loss in the genetic diversity and habitat of the Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans) has been linked to illegal commerce and ill-informed translocations, according to a recent study. The study urges the use of scientific breeding and argues for an appropriate conservation strategy to deal with the species' fragmented distribution. What are the Indian Star Tortoise's Key Facts? Habitat: Indian star tortoises can be found all throughout the Indian subcontinent, notably in West Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the Central and Southern regions of India. It frequently inhabits arid, open environments including grasslands, scrub woodlands, and…
21 January, 2023
Conservation
Spot Bellied Eagle Owl The "Spot Bellied Eagle Owl" (Bubo Nipalensis) was recently spotted by a wildlife team for the first time in the Seshachalam forest and for the third time in Andhra Pradesh. Regarding the Spot-Bellied Eagle Owl: Its general appearance is a stark, grayish-brown with gritty, dark brown coloring on the back and upper wings. The woodland eagle-owl is another name for this huge raptor. It is a very aggressive and powerful predatory owl. The bird is known as the "Devil Bird" and the "Ghost of the Forest" in India because it emits an odd scream that sounds…
19 January, 2023
Conservation
Project Dolphin According to a recent study, human-generated noise makes it more difficult for dolphins to coordinate and communicate with one another. These creatures had to "shout" to one another as the underwater noise levels rise. About dolphins: Dolphins are creatures of the aquatic ecosystem. They can be discovered in fresh, brackish, and saltwater. There have been reports of 15 different species of marine and harbor dolphins from the oceans and shores of India. Furthermore, the brackish waters of Odisha are home to Irrawaddy Dolphins and Punjab rivers are home to Indus Dolphins. The Ganges River and its tributaries are…
17 January, 2023
Conservation
Asian Waterbird Census & Kole Wetland According to a survey done as part of the Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) 2023, some migratory waterbird species, particularly duck species that visit Kerala's Alappuzha region, are experiencing declining populations. What are the Survey's Highlights? Significantly absent this time around were duck species including the Northern Shoveler, Common Teal, and Eurasian Wigeon that had been spotted in prior surveys. Impact of Climate Change: The number of birds that visit the area has decreased as a result of climate change. More thorough research is necessary to determine the specific effects of climate change…
16 January, 2023
Conservation
Tal Chhapar Sanctuary: Rajasthan A defence has been provided for the Tal Chhapar blackbuck sanctuary in Rajasthan against a state proposal to shrink the area of its eco-sensitive zone. The sanctuary, which spans a 7.19 sq. km. area, has a major initiative underway by the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) to save raptors. The wildlife sanctuary's area cannot be decreased, according to a recent court judgment. About Tal Chhapar blackbuck sanctuary: It is situated in the Churu district of Rajasthan The Jaswantgarh forest block in the Nagaur district is located not far from Tal Chhapar and is traversed by the…
24 December, 2022
Conservation
Coastal Red Sand Dunes Scientists recently urged the Government of Andhra Pradesh to protect the coastal red sand dunes of Visakhapatnam of the glacial period. Major Points: Visakhapatnam is fortunate to have a number of significant geological sites. One of them is the Erra Matti Dibbalu, or "red sand dunes" of the coast. Location and Extent: The site is situated on the coast, about 20 km to the northeast of Visakhapatnam City and 4 km to the southwest of Bheemunipatnam. 20 sq km is the approximate size of the area where the Erra Matti Dibbalu is located, and the entire…
12 December, 2022
Conservation
Indo-French Partnership on Kaziranga Project Some measures at the Kaziranga National Park in Assam will form the cornerstone of an Indo-French initiative. Measures With French and Indian technical and financial support, the Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership will facilitate partnership activities for interesting natural parks of the Indo-Pacific region. These activities include biodiversity conservation, wildlife management and engagement with local communities. About The Kaziranga project, The Kaziranga project is a part of a larger Assam Project on Forest and Biodiversity Conservation (APFBC) for which the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) has committed funding of €80.2 million for a 10-year period, between 2014-2024.…
10 December, 2022
Conservation
The Great Barrier Reef Recently, a joint report by the IUCN and UNESCO's World Heritage Centre recommended that the Great Barrier Reef be added to the List of World Heritage in Danger, which Australia has opposed. The reef is not currently listed as endangered. What is the Great Barrier Reef? It is located in Australia, off the coast of Queensland. With over 2,900 individual reefs, 900 islands, and an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres, it is the world's largest coral reef system. It is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots as well as one of its largest…
09 December, 2022
Conservation
Project Great Indian Bustard The Supreme Court (SC) recently requested that the Centre review the concept of 'Project Great Indian Bustard (GIB)' to save endangered birds. Important Points: The Supreme Court established a three-member committee to evaluate the feasibility of laying high-voltage underground power cables. The committee was directed by the SC to submit an updated status report on steps taken to protect the GIB. Project GIB is similar to 'Project Tiger,' which was launched in 1973 to save big cats. Demands of the Supreme Court: It requested reports from the chief secretaries of Rajasthan and Gujarat on the following…
05 December, 2022
Conservation
CITES 19th Conference & Pangolins To help save the species, the 19th Conference of Parties (COP19) to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) urged countries to remove references to pangolin parts and derivatives from official pharmacopoeia (drug-making). Regarding Pangolin: The pangolin is the world's most trafficked animal. Pangolins are mammal-like creatures. They are the only mammals that are entirely covered in scales, which they use to protect themselves from predators in the wild. Pangolins, also known as the scaly anteater, eat ants, termites, and larvae. Eight pangolin species are found on two…
01 December, 2022
Conservation
Olive Ridley Turtles A large number of Olive Ridley turtles have begun to arrive in Odisha for mating at the Gahirmatha marine sanctuary. Concerning Olive Ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea is the scientific name for the Pacific ridley sea turtle. Found in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. One of the tiniest sea turtles on the planet. Their shell is an olive green colour. They can grow to be two and a half feet long and weigh up to 45 kilogrammes. Food consists primarily of shrimp, crab, mollusks, fish, and crabs. Known for their unique mass nesting…
29 November, 2022
Conservation
Red Crowned Roofed Turtle At the 19th Conference of the Parties to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), which will be held in Panama, India has recommended protecting the Red-Crowned Roofed turtle. What were the Conference's High Points? To move riverine species from the current Appendix II to Appendix I, India has submitted a proposal to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. According to the level of protection required, the CITES-covered species are listed in three Appendices: Species in danger of extinction are listed in Appendix I. Species listed in Appendix…
24 November, 2022
Conservation
Climate Mangrove Alliance The "Mangrove Alliance for Climate" was recently established by the UAE and Indonesia on the fringes of the COP27 UN climate meeting taking place in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. India joined the Mangrove Alliance for Climate, launched on the sidelines of the ongoing United Nations Climate Summit in Egypt. Regarding the Alliance A Global Mangrove Research Centre will be constructed in Indonesia as part of this collaboration, and it will carry out research on mangrove ecosystem services like carbon sequestration and ecotourism. Goal: To improve global mangrove ecosystem preservation and restoration. The association will increase public awareness of mangroves'…
14 November, 2022
Conservation
International Drought Resilience Alliance (IDRA) At the COP27 to the UNFCCC in Sharm El-Sheikh, 30 nations and 20 organisations, led by Spain and Senegal, launched the International Drought Resilience Alliance (IDRA). The IDRA At the 77th UN General Assembly, Spain made the initial announcement of the IDRA. The partnership will cooperate to improve each other's drought preparedness in the future. The group also committed to changing the way the world responds to the increasing threats of drought by shifting from immediate action to long-term resilience building. The alliance's goal is to create political momentum so that by 2030, the land…
14 November, 2022
Conservation
Eco-Sensitive Zone Recently, Supreme Court quashed a plea against Gadgil, Kasturirangan reports. Details about the news Public interest litigation (PIL): The Western Ghats Ecologically Sensitive Area was defined as a 56,825 square kilometer area across six states by the Madhav Gadgil and K. Kasturirangan Committees (ESA). Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu are the six states. The petitioner had prayed with the Supreme Court to not put the Western Ghats Ecologically Expert Panel's and the High-Level Working Group's recommendations into effect (Kasturirangan Committee Report). Report by Madhav Gadgil: The entire Western Ghats, which span six states, 44 districts,…
15 September, 2022
Conservation
LOKTAK LAKE AND RECENT CONTROVERSY Loktak Lake Authority of Manipur recently issued a notice to remove all floating houses and fishing structures on Loktak lake. This has received a sharp reaction from the local Fishing Community & Homestay Operators. What are the Issues? There is a Lack of regulation. There is a growing number of homestays and huts that are constructed and have put the lake at vital risk, and even impacting the environment. There has been a sharp reduction in fish production and the traditional fisheries due to a major hydropower project that was started in the year 1983.…
01 August, 2022
Conservation
KALI BEIN RIVER Punjab Chief Minister has been admitted to the hospital, days after he had drunk a glass of water directly from the River Kali Bein. About the River Kali Bein is one of the most important rivers (more as a rivulet) of Punjab. The total length of the river is around 165 kilometres. It emerges in Hoshiarpur and flows through four districts of Punjab and meets at the confluence of rivers Beas and Sutlej at Harike Pattan. Along its banks are around 80 villages and half a dozen small and big towns. Wastewater from villages as well as…
23 July, 2022
Conservation
GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD Only four Female Great Indian Bustards (GIB) are left in Gujarat. According to a 2018 count, India has fewer than 150 GIBs, of which 122 are mainly in Rajasthan. About Great Indian Bustard The Great Indian Bustard is a bustard native to the Indian subcontinent. Bustards are large terrestrial birds found in dry grasslands and steppe regions. Also known as the Indian Bustard, it is among the heaviest flying birds in existence, standing at about 3.3 ft tall. Weighing about 15 kgs, the Great Indian Bustard is easily recognizable by its black cap over a pale head…
18 July, 2022
Conservation
Tiger Reserves and Tiger Census Tigers are at the top of the food chain and are sometimes referred to as “umbrella species" that their conservation also conserves many other species in the same area. More than 80% of the world’s wild tigers are in India, and it’s crucial to keep track of their numbers. India’s five tiger landscapes are: Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains, Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats, The Western Ghats, North-East Hills and Brahmaputra Plains and Sundarbans. According to recent Census, Region-wise Highest population are in Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats followed by Western Ghats Region. …
31 December, 2021
Conservation
India now has 10 Blue Flag beaches In yet another recognition of India’s commitment to protect and conserve the pristine coastal and marine ecosystems through holistic management of the resources the globally recognized and the coveted International eco-label "Blue Flag”, has been accorded the Blue Flag Certification for 2 new beaches this year –Kovalam in Tamil Nadu and Eden in Puducherry beaches. What are Blue Flag beaches? Blue Flag certification is a globally recognised eco-label accorded by "Foundation for Environment Education in Denmark" based on 33 stringent criteria. Blue Flag for Beach Cleanup started in 1985 with the objective to…
22 September, 2021
Conservation
Black Softshell Turtle Conservation in Assam A major temple in Assam has signed a memorandum of understanding with two green NGOs, the Assam State Zoo-cum-Botanical Garden and the Kamrup district administration for the long-term conservation of the rare freshwater black softshell turtle or the Nilssonia nigricans. A vision document 2030 was also launched after Turtle Survival Alliance India and Help Earth signed the pact involving the Hayagriva Madhava Temple Committee. The temple, revered by both Hindus and Buddhists, is at Hajo, about 30 km northwest of Guwahati. Until sightings along the Brahmaputra’s drainage in Assam, the black softshell turtle was…
21 June, 2021
Conservation
India’s First “Disc Footed Bat found in Meghalaya Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered India’s first disc footed bat near the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Meghalaya. About Disc Footed Bat: This bat (Eudiscopus denticulus) is a bat species that is very different. It has a flat skull, prominent disk-like pads in the thumb, and bright orange colouration. This bat rests inside bamboo internodes. Their sticky disks and flattened skull help them in this. So far, this species only thrive in Southern China, Vietnam, Thailand, and Myanmar. The disc-footed bat is genetically very different from all other bats bearing…
20 April, 2021
Conservation
Indus and Ganges River Dolphins were Detected to be 2 different species According to an analysis of the Indus and Ganges River dolphins, it was found they are not one but two separate different species. What is the current classification? Currently, Indus and Ganges River dolphins are classified as two subspecies of South Asian river dolphins(Platanista gangetica). What has the analysis revealed? The researchers examined the DNA samples of the Indus and Gangetic River Dolphins. They found out that the Indus and Ganges river dolphins have clear genetic differences. Also, there is a difference in the number of teeth, colouration,…
16 April, 2021
Conservation
Indian Rhino Vision 2020 Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV 2020) ended with the release of two rhinos. An adult male and a female rhino were transported to Assam’s Manas National Park from Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. Indian Rhino Vision Plan 2020: Indian Rhino Vision Plan 2020 was launched in 2005. The vision of IRV was: Increase the Rhino Population in Assam from about 2000 to 3000 by 2020. Ensure that one-horned rhinos are spread over seven protected areas in the Indian state of Assam by the year 2020. Seven Protected Areas: The seven protected areas are Kaziranga, Pobitora, Orang National Park,…
15 April, 2021
Conservation
Danube Sturgeon- Illegal Selling According to a report released by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the illegal sale of Danube Sturgeon, one of the most endangered species in the world, is rampant in the lower Danube (River) region, especially in Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. The Danube is the second longest river in Europe after the Volga. It rises in the Black Forest mountains of western Germany and flows for some 2,850 km to its mouth on the Black Sea. Danube Sturgeons Sturgeons have existed since the time of dinosaurs, for about 200 million years. Some of the species can grow up to eight metres in length and live more than a century. They are…
15 April, 2021
Conservation
Bar Headed Geese with a Mongolian Band Wildlife Science and Conservation Center of Mongolia follow unique conservation methods like banding. The band consists of details like: Colour of the band- This green colour band Conservation centre name- Wildlife Conservation and Science Center in Mongolia Where is found- Salt lake near Tsakhir soum in province Arkhangai of Central Mongolia. Capture location- N48.126314, E99.143451. Details of Bird- This bird was identified as an adult male, weighed 2815 g. Bar-headed Goose The bar-headed goose is a goose that breeds in Central Asia in colonies of thousands near mountain lakes and winters in…
13 April, 2021
Conservation
International Ranger Award Winner from Rajaji Tiger Reserve Mahinder Giri, a range officer from Rajaji Tiger Reserve won the prestigious International Ranger Award. He is the only ranger from Asia to win this award recently. About the International Ranger Award: The International Ranger Award was created in 2020. It is conferred by The IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas(WCPA) in collaboration with the International Ranger Federation, Global Wildlife Conservation, and Conservation Allies. The award aims to highlight the extraordinary work of rangers in protected and conserved areas worldwide. About World Commission on Protected Areas(WCPA): The World Commission on Protected Areas(WCPA) is one of…
03 April, 2021
Conservation
Biodiversity Heritage Sites in India: UPSC PRELIMS GS-Paper-3: Environment– UPSC PRELIMS – Mains Application Context: BHS are areas that are unique, ecologically fragile ecosystems - terrestrial, coastal, inland and marine waters - having a rich biodiversity. Maharashtra government declared an area at Amboli in Western ghats in Sindhudurg district as a Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS). More Envi Information: http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/Database/bhs_8650.aspx BHS are areas that are unique, ecologically fragile ecosystems - terrestrial, coastal, inland and marine waters - having a rich biodiversity. The biodiversity comprises any one or more of the components like, Species richness - Wild and domesticated species or intra-specific categories,…
02 April, 2021
Conservation
Jammu and Kashmir Lakes Srinagar’s Dal Lake along with five other ones in Jammu and Kashmir are to be declared protected wetlands. Wetland Information: https://www.aspireias.com/upsc-related-facts-and-data/Ramsar-sites-Wetlands-in-India-Quick-facts Other lakes - Wular Lake, and Nigeen Lake in the Kashmir region; Sanasar Lake, Manasbal Lake and Purmandal lake or Chotta Kashi (in Samba district) in the Jammu region. The decision was taken in the meeting of the Jammu and Kashmir Wetland Authority, chaired by Chief Secretary. Chief Secretary asked the Forest Department to profile various wetlands of Jammu and Kashmir and recommend their notification under, Environment Protection Act, 1986 and Wetland (Conversation & Management)…
02 April, 2021
Conservation
Biosphere Reserves and Significance- UPSC Exam This topic helps you to cover: Biosphere reserves (BSR) in detail. Understand the UPSC pattern of the Questionnaire. Get a mental map of bio sphere reserves linking them with physiography, climate, tribes, flora and fauna of the region. Salient Features of Biosphere Reserves: It comprises of terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems People are integral component of the system. Their status is internationally recognized and ecosystem oriented. Boundaries are circumscribed by legislation. Attention is provided on gene pool conservation. They are nominated by the Center and under the sovereign jurisdiction of States where they are…
02 April, 2021
Conservation
Animals of India India has some of the world's most Biodiverse regions, encompassing a wide range of biomes–desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas surrounding rivers, as well as an island archipelago. It hosts 4 biodiversity hotspots: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland (which Includes a group of Islands), with numerous endemic species. Important facts about Wildlife and Protected areas of India. The Lion is found naturally only in India, besides Africa. In India, its only natural habitat is the Gir forest (Saurashtra) in Gujarat. In 1972, the Gir Lion Project was…
01 April, 2021
Conservation
Dumping Inert Waste in Bhatti Mines SDMC is seeking permission to dump material in 3 former mining pits in the sanctuary and one outside it. Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary It is located on the Southern Ridge of Aravalli Hills, one of the oldest mountain systems in the world. It is part of the Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor. It is the green lung & carbon sink for New Delhi. It provides a potential shelterbelt for arresting the shifting of sand dunes & protecting from desert storms. As it is located on the Delhi-Haryana border, both governments had defined certain areas around…
12 March, 2021
Conservation
Manas National Park Manas national park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve. It is located in the Himalayan foothills in Assam. It is contiguous with the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan. The name of the park is originated from the Manas River. Significance: The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog. It is also famous for its population of wild water buffalo. Human History: Pagrang is the only forest village located in the…
05 March, 2021
Conservation
Bio-Restoration New technology for ecological restoration (Bio-restoration) was developed by Indian scientists. It is helping in the revival of mangroves degraded due to rising sea levels, climate change and human intrusion in the Sunderbans, West Bengal. The Sundarbans is a protected wetland under the Ramsar Convention and is also a UNESCO World Heritage site. Ecological restoration means reviving the native ecosystem in degraded areas while maintaining the diversity of original flora and fauna through regeneration but bringing down the regeneration period to 4 to 5 years. The restoration process begins with stabilising the entire site by planting native salt tolerant grasses. It…
24 February, 2021
Conservation
National Marine Turtle Action Plan The Ministry of Environment has released National Marine Turtle Action Plan in which A&N Islands are given prominent importance. According to the plan, India has identified all its important sea turtle nesting habitats as ‘Important Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Areas. These areas have been included in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) – 1. South Bay and West Bay on Little Andaman and Galathea on Great Nicobar, are mentioned as “Important Marine Turtle Habitats in India”
16 February, 2021
Conservation
THEODORE BASKARAN WON SANCTUARY LIFETIME SERVICE AWARD 2020 S. Theodore Baskaran who is a writer, a historian, a naturalist and an activist has won the Sanctuary Lifetime Service Award, 2020. The award was instituted by the Sanctuary Nature Foundation. Theodore on Conservation Theodore is of the view that any conservation initiative should be in the local language in order to gain momentum as a people’s movement. He was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award (Iyal Virudhu) for his writing on nature in Tamil. The award was given by the Canada Literary Garden in the year 2014 in Toronto. Books by him Some…
19 January, 2021
Conservation
Western Ghats - UPSC Context: UPSC Mains GS Paper III (Prelims Mains Interview) Madhav Gadgil Report, 2011 It defined the boundaries of the Western Ghats for the purposes of ecological management. It proposed that this entire area be designated as ecologically sensitive area (ESA). Within this area, smaller regions were to be identified as ESZ I, II or III based on their existing condition and nature of threat. Hence 64% area would fall under ESZ I or II or under already existing protected areas such as wildlife sanctuaries or natural parks. 3 indicators for ESZ1 are elevation, slope and natural vegeatation. Nothing was permitted…
30 December, 2020
Conservation
Young Champions of the Earth An Indian entrepreneur is among the seven winners of the UN Environment Programme’s (UNEP) “Young Champions of the Earth” 2020 prize. This award is given to spot global change-makers between the ages of 18 and 30 and support their ideas to save the environment. Seven champions are selected from each global region: Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, West Asia and two from Asia and the Pacific. This prize, launched by UNEP in 2017, is in similar lines to UNEP’s Champions of the Earth prize. Past News:2018 for UPSC The annual Champions of…
21 December, 2020
Conservation
Ladakh’s First Biodiversity Heritage Site Under the Biological Diversity Act Yaya Tso Lake was designated as Ladakh's first biodiversity heritage site. The Chumathang Panchayat, the Biodiversity Management Committee, and SECURE Himalaya Project have decided to designate Yaya Tso as the first Biological Diversity Act-designated Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS) in Ladakh. About: Yaya Tso, which is situated at an elevation of 4,820 metres and is referred to as a "birds' paradise," has a lovely lake. Many different birds and animals, including the brahmin duck, black-necked crane, and bar-headed goose, use Yaya Tso as a nesting site. Additionally, it is one of the…
08 February, 0023
Conservation
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