You searched “
Modern India
”. Your tag search matches the following results:
159th birth anniversary of Gurudev -All about Rabindranath Tagore
Context
National Gallery of Modern Artwill organise the Virtual Tour titled “Gurudev – Journey of the Maestro through his visual vocabulary” from 7th May 2020 to commemorate the 159th birth anniversary of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore
Modern art of the Gurudev
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), popularly known as ‘Gurudev’, was born in an affluent Family. The maestro was fascinated by the w
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966)
Context
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has paid tributes to Veer Savarkar on his jayanti on May 28th.
"On his Jayanti, I bow to the courageous Veer Savarkar. We remember him for his bravery, motivating several others to join the freedom struggle and emphasis on social reform", the Prime Minister said.
About Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Cause of Death: Fasting (Sallekhana Prayopavesa)
He was commonl
1921 Malabar Rebellion
Context
# Malayalam film director Aashiq Abu, on June 22, announced a new film project, Variyamkunnan, on Variyamkunnath Kunhamed Haji, the main protagonist of the Malabar Rebellion of 1921 who was executed by the British.
Why does the rebellion still stoke passions?
# The Malabar Rebellion (also called the Mappila or Moplah Rebellion by the British) broke out in the southern taluks of Malabar in August 1921.
# By the time the government troops c
The Mapillah uprising
By, Mohammed Ayoob is University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of International Relations, Michigan State University
Context
With the centenary of the Mapillah rebellion of 1921 fast approaching, controversy has erupted over Malayalam movie projects commemorating what was arguably the greatest challenge to British rule between the great uprising of 1857 and the Quit India movement of 1942.
Conflicting narratives
The controversy surroundi
Privy Purses
Introduction
With the passage of the Indian Independence Act, of 1947, the British Government granted independence to the areas that were directly under their rule (British India) and left the choice to the princely states to decide their future course of action. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel persuaded these princely states to join Indian Union after independence.
In consideration of such princely states signing the Instrument of Accession, the Government of India granted to t
Rekindle Kashmir’s lost and real connect
By, Amitabh Mattoo is Professor, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University
Context
This article talks about the contributions of various Kashmiris who aspired for a united nation with J&K as an integral part of India due to ot shared cultural and social values.
Foiling ‘Operation Gibraltar’
It was on August 5, 1965 that two Kashmiri Gujjars helped to thwart one of Pakistan’s most deviou
Anniversary of Lokmanya Tilak: 100th
GS-Paper-1 History personality (PT-MAINS)
Recently, the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) conducted a webinar to observe the 100th death anniversary of Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak on the 1st August 2020.
Background: Born on 23rd July 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Lawyer by profession and also known as Lokmanya Tilak.
Gave the slogan of “Swaraj is my birthright an
University Grants Commission directive on history discipline
Introduction
The recent University Grants Commission (UGC) directive framing the undergraduate history syllabus points to the involvement of ‘experts’ who are still stuck in the discipline as it was practised and taught years ago in the 1950s.
Importance of history syllabus
A crucial element of the discipline is its division into different periods, or periodisation.
The notion of periodisation in hist
Tribal Movements in India
The Tribal population is conservative and is always interested in retaining the features of their society. Tribal movements were inspired by revolutionary tendencies. They tend to fight and eliminate ill-tendencies that attempt to change the structure of the tribal society. A summary of the Tribal Rebellions during British rule in India is given below.
Causes of Movements
Extension of settled agriculture led to influx of non tribals in the tribal a
Governor Generals and Viceroys of India
--Significant Events in their Rule
Sl.
No.
Governor Generals
Acts
Wars/Treaties
Reforms
Introduced/ Established
1
Warren Hastings
1773-1785
1773 Regulating act
Act of 1781- powers of jurisdiction between the governor-general-in-council and the Supreme Court at Calcutta, were clearly divided.
Pitt&r
Annual Sessions of Indian National Congress
Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha founded Indian National Congress on 28 December 1885
Year
Place
President
Details
1885
Bombay
W C Bonnerjee
1st session attended by 72 delegates
1886
Calcutta
Dadabhai Naoroji
National Congress and Na
Important Newspapers associated with the freedom Struggle
The evolution of Indian press was fraught with developmental difficulties, illiteracy, colonial constraints and repression. It disseminated the ideas of freedom and became prominent tool for freedom struggle.
Name of the Paper/journal
Year and Place of Publication
Name of the Founder or Editor
Bengal Gazette
Peasant and Non-Tribal Movements during British India
Name of the movement
Main cause(s)
Course of the movement and consequences
Sanyasi Rebellion
Region: Bengal
Year: 1763-1800
Displaced peasants, Demobilized Soldiers, disposed Zamindars, Participated led By Sanyasis.
It was made famous by Bankim Chandra Chaterjee. In his novel: Anandmath
1857 Revolt
The revolt is a product of character and policies of colonial rule.
Economic causes-
The colonial policies destroyed the traditional economic fabric of Indian society.
Heavy Taxation under New Revenue Settlement,
Summary evictions for non-payment of debts,
Discriminatory tariff policy against Indian products,
Destruction of traditional handicrafts industry, and free trade for imports but not for exports .
Forfeiture of Zamindari land
Absence of con
Socio religious reform movements
Basically, there were two kinds of reform movements in the 19th century in India:
Reformist- These movements responded with the time and scientific temper of the modern era. Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, the Aligarh Movement.
Revivalist- These movements started reviving ancient Indian traditions and thoughts and believed that the western thinking ruined Indian culture and ethos. Arya Samaj and the Deoband movement.
The only differenc
Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements
Reform Movements:
Among Hindus
Bengal
Raja Rammohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj-
Raja Rammohan Roy Believed in the modern scientific approach and principles of human dignity and social equality and aimed at political uplift of the masses through social reform.
Literary Contribution: Gift to Monotheists (1809), Precepts of Jesus (1820), Translated into Bengali the Vedas and the five Upanishads to prove his conviction that ancient Hindu text
Beginning of Modern Nationalism in India
The rise and growth of Indian nationalism has been traditionally explained in terms of Indian response to the stimulus generated by the British Raj through creation of new institutions, new opportunities, resources, etc.
Factors in Growth of Modern Nationalism
Understanding of contradictions in Indian and colonial interests
People came to realize that colonial rule was the major cause of India’s economic backwardness
Political
Era of Militant Nationalism
Why Militant Nationalism Grew
1. Realisation that the true nature of British rule was exploitative, and that the British India government, instead of conceding more, was taking away even what existed.
2. Growth of self-confidence and self-respect.
3. Impact of growth of education—increase in awareness and Unemployment.
4. International influences and events which demolished the myt
Indian National Congress
- Foundation and the Moderate Phase
Foundation of Indian National Congress
First session held in 1885 (Bombay).
Indian National Union, formed by A.O. Hume, became Indian National Congress.
Foundational theories of INC and prominent believers:
Safety Valve Theory —Lala Lajpat Rai
Conspiracy Theory—R.P. Dutt
Lightning conductor Theory—G.K. Gokhale
Important leaders of Moderate Phase: Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyabji,
First World War and Nationalist Response
In the First World War (1914-1919), Britain allied with France, Russia, USA, Italy and Japan against Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey.
The nationalist response to British participation in the First World War was three-fold:
Moderates supported as a matter of duty;
Extremists, including Tilak (who was released in June 1914), supported the war efforts in the mistaken belief that Britain would repay India’s loyalty with gratitude in th
Advent of the Europeans in India
Why a Sea Route to India
European economy growing rapidly, demand for luxury goods.
Spirit of renaissance in the 15th-century Europe
Capture of Constantinople in 1453, and Syria and Egypt later by the Ottoman Turks calling for a new route to reach India without dealing with Arabs and Turks.
Venice and Genoa, too small to stand up to the Turks.
Spain and Portugal aided with money and men by the North Europeans and by ships and technica
Assessment of Social Reform Movements
- Positive and Negative Aspects
Positive Aspects
The orthodox sections of society could not accept the scientific ideological onslaught of the socio-religious rebels.
As a result of this, the reformers were subjected to abuse, persecution, issuing of fatwas and even assassination attempts by the reactionaries.
However, in spite of opposition, these movements managed to contribute towards the liberation of the individual from the conform
First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
(1907-1917)
Reasons for emergence
Younger elements not ready to retreat after the decline of open phase.
Leadership’s failure to tap revolutionary energies of the youth.
Government repression left no peaceful avenues open for protest.
Ideology
Assassinate unpopular officials to strike terror and arouse people to expel the British with force; based on individual heroic actions on lines of Irish nationalists or Russian nihilist
Emergence of Gandhi
Why Nationalist Upsurge at End of First World War
Post-War economic hardship.
Expectations of Political Gains for Cooperation in the War
Nationalist disillusionment with imperialism worldwide.
Impact of Russian Revolution.
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Dyarchy in provinces.
Two lists—reserved and transferred—for administration. Reserved subjects to be administered by governor through executive council and transferred subjects to be admini
PIN Code History
Postal Index Number (PIN) completed 50 Years.
About PIN code
At the time of Independence, India had 23,344 post offices, most of which were located in urban areas.
The postal system had to keep up with the nation's fast growth.
As a result, it was first made available in India on August 15, 1972.
Shriram Bhikaji Velankar, a senior member of the Posts and Telegraphs Board and additional secretary in the Union Ministry of Communications, was the person in cha
The Maski rock edict is a minor rock edict of Emperor Ashoka.
It was discovered in 1915 by C. Beadon at the archaeological site of Maski in the Raichur district of Karnataka, India.
The Maski rock edict is important because it was the 1st edict of Emperor Ashoka to include his name. Earlier edicts referred to him as Devanampiye Piyadasi.