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Paper | Topics | Subject |
---|---|---|
GS-III | Tiger Reserves and Tiger Census- UPSC | Biodiversity & Environment |
GS-III : Biodiversity & Environment
More than 80% of the world’s wild tigers are in India, and it’s crucial to keep track of their numbers.
India’s five tiger landscapes are:
According to recent Census, Region-wise Highest population are in Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats followed by Western Ghats Region.
|
4th cycle of All India Tiger Estimation- Highlights:
|
Conservation efforts- National and Global:
|
Top 5 Reserves in terms of Core Zone Area: Nagarjunsagar Srisailam >Amrabad >Namdhapa > Satpura> Melaghat.
Sl. No. |
Name of Tiger Reserve |
State/ District Climate/ Vegetation |
Rivers /Physiography Protected Areas inside reserve Indigenous tribes
|
Area of the core / critical tiger habitat (In Sq. Kms.) |
Total area (In Sq. Kms.) |
1 |
Nagarjunsagar Srisailam |
Andhra Pradesh (Kurnool, Prakasam, Guntur, Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar) |
Krishna river, Ethipothala Falls, Pedda Dukudu falls , Nallamala hills. Gundla Brahmeshwaram WLS Chenchus |
2595.72 |
3296.31 |
2 |
Namdapha |
Arunachal Pradesh(Changlang district) |
Noa Dihing River originates at the Chaukan Pass. Between the Dapha bum range of the Mishmi Hills and the Patkai range. Lisu tribes |
1807.82 |
2052.82 |
3 |
Kamlang Tiger Reserve |
Arunachal Pradesh Lohit District Tropical and Subtropical climate |
Rivers: Kamlang Mishmi, Digaro Mishmi , and Miju Mishmi people |
671.00 |
783.00 |
4 |
Pakke / Pakhui |
Arunachal Pradesh (Pakke Kessang district) Subtropical climate Tropical Wet Evergreen to Alpine |
Rivers: Nameri,Pakke, kameng In news for Hornbill Conservation Sessa Orchid Sanctuary and Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary. Nyishi tribe |
683.45 |
1198.45 |
5 |
Manas |
Assam(Chirang and Baksa District) Tropical monsoon type climate Semi evergreen to Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Endemic spp: Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog |
Manas River |
840.04 |
3150.92 |
6 |
Nameri |
Assam |
|
200 |
344 |
7 |
Orang Tiger Reserve |
Assam (Darrang and Sonitpur districts) |
Northern bank of the Brahmaputra River, Pachnoi river, Belsiri river and Dhanshiri River border the park. |
79.28 |
492.46 |
8 |
Kaziranga Important Bird Area |
Assam(Golaghat, Karbi Anglong and Nagaon districts) Elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests, |
Indian leopard, gaur, chital, striped hyena, Indian jackal, sloth bear, |
625.58 |
1173.58 |
9 |
Valmiki |
Bihar(Champaran district) |
|
598.45 |
899.38 |
10 |
Udanti-Sitanadi |
Chattisgarh |
|
851.09 |
1842.54 |
11 |
Achanakmar |
Chattisgarh |
|
626.195 |
914.017 |
12 |
Indravati |
Chhattisgarh |
|
1258.37 |
2799.07 |
13 |
Palamau |
Jharkhand(Latehar district) Part of Betla National Park and Palamau WLS |
North Koel River
|
414.08 |
1129.93 |
14 |
Bandipur |
Karnataka (Chamaraja nagar) Shrub to dry to moist deciduous, |
Kabini river in the north and the Moyar river in the south. Nugu river runs through the park. Badagas |
872.24 |
1456.3 |
15 |
Bhadra |
Karnataka |
|
492.46 |
1064.29 |
16 |
Dandeli-Anshi |
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada district,) |
Kali River black panther, Indian bison, sloth bear, Indian wild boar, bonnet macaque, gray langur, gray slender loris, |
814.884 |
1097.514 |
17 |
Nagarahole |
Karnataka |
|
643.35 |
1205.76 |
18 |
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple |
Karnataka |
|
359.1 |
574.82 |
19 |
Periyar |
Kerala Malabar grey hornbill, Nilgiri wood pigeon, blue-winged parakeet, Nilgiri flycatcher |
located high in the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills of the south Western Ghats |
881 |
925 |
20 |
Parambikulam |
Kerala(Palakkad district) It is in the Sungam range of hills between the Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathy Hills |
Kadar, Malasar, Muduvar and Mala Malasar |
390.89 |
643.662 |
21 |
Kanha |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
917.43 |
2051.791 |
22 |
Pench |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
411.33 |
1179.63225 |
23 |
Bandhavgarh |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
716.903 |
1598.1 |
24 |
Panna |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
576.13 |
1578.55 |
25 |
Satpura |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
1339.264 |
2133.30797 |
26 |
Sanjay-Dubri |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
812.571 |
1674.502 |
27 |
Melghat |
Maharashtra (Amravati District) Tropical dry deciduous in nature, dominated by teak (Tectona grandis) |
Tapti River and the Gawilgadh ridge of the Satpura Range form the boundaries. Reserve is catchment area of Khandu, Khapra, Sipna, Gadga and Dolar. Korku tribe (80 %) and others like Gond, Nihal etc |
1500.49 |
2768.52 |
28 |
Tadoba-Andhari |
Maharashtra |
|
625.82 |
1727.5911 |
29 |
Pench |
Maharashtra |
|
257.26 |
741.22 |
30 |
Sahyadri |
Maharashtra(Satara , Sangli, Kolhapur and Ratnagiri) Moist deciduous forests to evergreen |
|
600.12 |
1165.57 |
31 |
Nawegaon-Nagzira |
Maharashtra(Gondia district) Dry mixed forest to moist forest |
|
653.674 |
653.674 |
32 |
Bor |
Maharashtra (Hingani in Wardha District) Dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with the main species being teak, ain, tendu (East Indian ebony) and bamboo. |
Bor Tiger Reserve will be merged with Pench Tiger Reserve as a 'Satellite core area', Indian leopard, Indian bison, blue bull, chital, sambar deer, barking deer, mouse deer |
138.12 |
138.12 |
33 |
Dampa |
Mizoram |
|
500 |
988 |
34 |
Similipal |
Odisha |
|
1194.75 |
2750 |
35 |
Satkosia |
Odisha |
|
523.61 |
963.87 |
36 |
Ranthambore |
Rajasthan(Sawai Madhopur) Dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadow Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, nilgai, wild boar, sambar, striped hyena, sloth bear, |
Bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. Ecoregion: Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests |
1113.364 |
1411.291 |
37 |
Sariska |
Rajasthan |
|
881.1124 |
1213.342 |
38 |
Mukandra Hills |
Rajasthan |
|
417.17 |
759.99 |
39 |
Kalakad-Mundanthurai |
Tamil Nadu(Tirunelveli) |
|
895 |
1601.542 |
40 |
Anamalai |
Tamil Nadu (Cuddalore District) |
|
958.59 |
1479.87 |
41 |
Mudumalai |
Tamil Nadu(Nilgiris District) |
|
321 |
688.59 |
42 |
Sathyamangalam |
Tamil Nadu(Erode District) tropical evergreen (Shola), semi-evergreen, mixed-deciduous, dry deciduous and thorn forests. |
Irula tribe (also known as the Urali) and Soliga communities |
793.49 |
1408.4 |
43 |
Srivilliputhur Meghamalai |
Tamil Nadu(Virudh nagar District) |
Recently Formed in 2020 |
|
|
44 |
Kawal |
Telangana(Mancherial District) Dry deciduous teak forests mixed with bamboo, |
It’s catchment for the rivers Godavari and Kadam. |
893.23 |
2019.12 |
45 |
Amrabad |
Telangana |
|
2166.37* |
2611.39* |
46 |
Dudhwa |
Uttar Pradesh Terai belt of marshy grasslands swamp deer, sambar deer, barking deer, spotted deer, hog deer, sloth bear |
|
1093.79 |
2201.7748 |
47 |
Pilibhit |
Uttar Pradesh (Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur Districts) Sal Shorea robusta forests. |
River Sharda and the River Ghaghara Suhelwa and Sohagibarwa wildlife sanctuaries |
602.798 |
730.2498 |
48 |
Amangarh (buffer of Corbett TR) |
Uttar Pradesh |
|
- |
80.6 |
Corbett |
Uttarakhand (Nainital and Pauri Garhwal district) Monsoon type Moist deciduous forest |
Ramganga river, Patli Dun valley Bhoksa/Buksa people |
821.99 |
1288.31 |
|
49 |
Rajaji TR |
Uttarakhand(Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal.) |
|
255.63 |
1075.17 |
50 |
Sunderbans |
West Bengal(South 24 Parganas, Khulna and Bakerganj) Royal Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, river terrapin, olive ridley turtle, Ganges river dolphin, hawksbill turtle and mangrove horseshoe crab. |
Hugli to the mouth of the Meghna river |
1699.62 |
2584.89 |
51 |
Buxa |
West Bengal |
Northern bank of the Brahmaputra River |
390.5813 |
757.9038 |
|
TOTAL |
|
|
40340.12 |
71027.10 |
Source: PIB
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