Sharks Conservation in India

As per a recent study, the global population of sharks and rays reduced by over 70% in the past 5 decades.

About Sharks:

Sharks come under a subclass of fish species called Elasmobranchii.
The species in this subclass have skeletons made from cartilage and not bones.
They use gills to filter oxygen from the water.
Sharks inhabit 3 major marine habitats such as continental shelves, deep-sea and open ocean.
Sharks have been around for more than 400 million years—long before the dinosaurs- In the Silurian era.
India is the second-largest shark fishing nation in the world.

Conservation Measures in India:

Whale Sharks were the first-ever species to be included in Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972.
After this, the Ganges shark and spear tooth shark were also added to Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act.

Whale Shark Conservation Programme:

Sharks were caught and then used for the liver that was used for commercial trade & thus their population was reduced.
Whale Shark Conservation Programme was launched by Wildlife Trust of India in Gujarat in 2004 to convey the consequences of hunting whale sharks.
Smooth Hammerhead is categorised as Vulnerable and Scalloped Hammerhead as Critically Endangered under the IUCN Red List.

Source: IE

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