DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS

23 December, 2022
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Scramjet Engine

Scramjet Engine

The Hot Test of the Scramjet Engine was just successfully completed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

What is Scramjet Engine?

A scramjet, also known as a supersonic-combustion ramjet, is a type of ramjet engine where the airflow remains supersonic, or faster than the speed of sound.
A scramjet lacks a shock cone and instead slows the airflow utilising shockwaves generated by its ignition source.
As a result, the scramjet can run efficiently at very high speeds.
Vehicles powered by scramjets are expected to travel at least as fast as Mach 15.

Air Breathing Engines:

In order to burn fuel, an engine that breathes air from its surroundings is said to be "air-breathing."
All practical internal combustion engines for air breathing directly heat the air by burning fuel, and the hot gases that are produced are then employed for propulsion through a propelling nozzle.
Air is continuously pumped via the air-breathing engine. Compressed air is combined with gasoline, ignited, and released as exhaust gas.
A typical air-breathing engine produces thrust that is around eight times larger than its weight.
The working gases are ejected from the exhaust nozzle, producing the thrust.

Types:

Ramjet: Ramjets are a type of air-breathing jet engine that compresses incoming air for combustion without the use of a revolving compressor.
Scramjet: Compared to ramjet engines, scramjet engines work more effectively at hypersonic speeds and enable supersonic combustion.

Ramjet vs. Scramjet: Differences

Ramjets with supersonic combustion are known as scramjets. Ordinary ramjets slow the air to subsonic speeds prior to combustion, while a scramjet does not do this.
Ramjets have a theoretical velocity range of 1 to 6 Mach, while Scramjets have a theoretical range of 12 to 24 Mach.
Ramjets and scramjets require significant airflow to begin producing thrust; they are unable to do so at zero velocity.
Ramjets don't have the same particular impulse as scramjets.
Ramjet has more efficiency and operability due to subsonic combustion than Scramjet, which has a lower efficiency due to supersonic combustion.

Source: The Indian Express

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