Pneumonia

Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) has requested China for a detailed report of a widespread outbreak of an undiagnosed pneumonia like respiratory illness affecting children.

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that affects the lungs.
Causes – Infectious agents like viruses, bacteria and fungi
- Bacteria – Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
- Virus – Respiratory syncytial virus
Transmission - By direct contact with infected people via air-borne droplets (cough or sneeze) and through blood, especially during and shortly after birth.
Pathology – Alveoli (air sacs) are filled with pus and fluid, making breathing painful and limits oxygen intake.
Symptoms – Wheezing is more common in viral infections.
Severely ill may be unable to feed or drink and may experience unconsciousness, hypothermia and convulsions.
Risk factors – Pre-existing illness like HIV, children and old age people who are above 65 years of age.

Pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide.

Treatment - Pneumonia caused by bacteria are treated with antibiotics, amoxicillin tablets is used as 1^st line of treatment.
Prevention – It can be prevented by immunization (vaccines), adequate nutrition, and by addressing environmental factors.

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