Osteoporosis

According to a new study, India has 6 crore osteoporosis patients, of which 80% are women.

It is a progressive disease that weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures.
Causes – Hormonal changes at menopause where oestrogen levels decline initiating bone loss as higher oestrogen protects bone strength in adulthood.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 30% of postmenopausal women suffer from osteoporosis. While the outcomes of disease are common in both genders, women are more vulnerable.

Risk factors – Gender, advancing age after menopause, low body mass index (BMI), family history, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Symptoms – Usually, no symptoms in the early stages but once the bones weakens back pain, loss of height over time, a stooped posture, fracture and chronic pain develops.
Diagnosis - People above 65 years and those people prone to fractures are suspected by measuring the bone mineral density.

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a quick, non-invasive test using low levels of X-rays to measures the bone mineral density of the skeleton and at various vulnerable sites like the hip and spine.

Prevention – Proper nutritional foods, a healthy lifestyle including exercises and avoiding smoking and alcohol.
Treatment – There is no cure but proper treatment can help protect and strengthen the bones like
- Using bisphosphonates , Calcitonin (a hormone of thyroid gland), Selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), Tissue-selective oestrogen complex (TSEC) and Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

In India – The peak incidence of osteoporosis in India occurs 10 to 20 years earlier than in western countries.

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