Monkeypox

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GS-III
S&T
Health

Monkeypox

Recently, the Fourth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR), Emergency Committee on the Multi-Country Outbreak of monkeypox was held.
196 nations have entered into a legally binding agreement known as the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 to develop the capacity to identify and report potential public health emergencies globally.

WHO's Most Recent Worldwide Statistics:

Since January 1, 2022, reports of (monkeypox) have come from 110 different nations, with up to 85,765 confirmed cases and 1,382 suspected cases.
With 29,948 confirmed cases over the time period, the United States was the country most severely impacted. Brazil, Spain, France, and Colombia came after it.

About Monkeypox:

It is a viral zoonotic illness that mostly affects tropical rainforest regions of Central and West Africa, with sporadic exportations to other locations. It is widespread in Nigeria.
It is brought on by the monkeypox virus, a species of the Orthopoxvirus family.
Monkeypox has a clinical appearance similar to smallpox, an orthopaxvirus infection that was eradicated globally in 1980.
History Outbreaks: The first case of monkeypox was documented in western Africa in 1958 in monkeys, and in humans in 1970.
In 2017, the disease's largest outbreak was in Nigeria.
Following then, reports of the illness have been made in numerous nations, including the USA, Singapore, and the UK.

Symptoms:

Fever
Bruising and enlarged lymph nodes
nausea and headaches
Human-to-human transmission of the monkeypox virus does occur, albeit it is most frequently spread by wild rodents and primates (close physical contact).
By coming into touch with lesions, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects like bedding, the monkeypox virus can spread from one person to another.

What distinguishes it from smallpox?

The primary distinction between the signs and symptoms of monkeypox and smallpox is that the latter results in lymphadenopathy while smallpox does not.
There is no specialised anti-monkeypox medication or vaccine at this time.
Many smallpox vaccines are frequently provided to people who have been exposed to the virus.
Antiviral medications such as tecovirimat and brincidofovir.

Way Forward

Increasing understanding and enhancing surveillance
Health facilities' state of readiness following a decline in Long Covid-19 cases.

Source: WHO

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