Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

It was started in the 10^th five-year plan in 2005. It works under the Ministry of Rural Development.
Funding: Centrally Sponsored with the pattern 90:10.
Providing provides a legal guarantee of at least 100 days of unskilled manual work in rural areas.
Any member > 18 years (Adult members) of a rural household, willing to do unskilled manual work, may apply to the local Gram Panchayat (which will issue a Job Card). Minimum 14 days of Employment.
If Employment is not given within 15 days, then daily unemployment allowance is given by States.
Wages are to be given according to the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. Minimum Wages is increased to 202 Rs. (early 175 Rs.)
At least 1/3rd of beneficiaries shall be women.
Work site facilities such as crèche, drinking water, and shade have to be provided.
Projects will be recommended by Gram Sabha (which does Social audits too) and approved by the Zilla panchayat.
At least 50% work will be allotted to Gram Panchayats for execution. Permissible works predominantly include water and soil conservation, afforestation and land development works.
60:40 wage and the material ratio have to be maintained. No contractors and machinery are allowed.
Center bears 100% wage cost of unskilled manual labour and 75% of material cost including wages.
Grievance redressal mechanisms at State and District level.
Rights-based approach. Strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions is an objective.
Integration with other schemes like PMGSY, Housing for All etc. DBT for the wages.
Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km radius of the village. In case work is provided beyond 5 km, extra wages of 10% are payable to meet additional transportation and living expenses.
Disbursement of wages has to be done on weekly basis and not beyond a fortnight in any case.
All accounts and records relating to the Scheme should be available for public scrutiny.

Source: TH

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