Madden Julian Oscillation

It is an eastward moving cyclic weather along the tropics. It influences rainfall, sea surface temperature, and winds.

Phases of Madden Julian Oscillation

It consists of two phases. Enhanced Rainfall Phase and Suppressed Rainfall Phase.

In enhanced Rainfall Phase: winds at the surface of the earth converge to push the air upwards throughout the atmosphere. This rising air increases condensation and rainfall.
In Suppressed Rainfall Phase: The winds at the top of the atmosphere converge and forces the air to sink down. As air sinks, it dries and suppresses rainfall.

How does Madden Julian Oscillation affect the Indian Monsoon?

The El Nino, Indian Ocean Dipole and Madden Julian Oscillation are the atmospheric and oceanic phenomena that affect the weather on a large scale.
The Indian Ocean Dipole pertains only to the Indian Ocean.
However, the other two affect weather till mid-latitudes.
When the Madden Julian Oscillation is over the Indian Ocean, it brings good rainfall to the Indian subcontinent.
On the other hand, when it stays longer over the Pacific, it dries up Indian Monsoon winds.

Source: TH

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