DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS

GS-III : Biodiversity & Environment Conservation

15 April, 2021
3 Min Read

Indian Rhino Vision 2020

Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV 2020) ended with the release of two rhinos. An adult male and a female rhino were transported to Assam’s Manas National Park from Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary.

Indian Rhino Vision Plan 2020:

Indian Rhino Vision Plan 2020 was launched in 2005.
The vision of IRV was:
- Increase the Rhino Population in Assam from about 2000 to 3000 by 2020.
- Ensure that one-horned rhinos are spread over seven protected areas in the Indian state of Assam by the year 2020.
Seven Protected Areas: The seven protected areas are Kaziranga, Pobitora, Orang National Park, Manas National Park, Laokhowa wildlife sanctuary, Burachapori wildlife sanctuary and Dibru Saikhowa wildlife sanctuary.
The plan is implemented by the Department of Environment and Forest Assam in partnership with the Bodo Autonomous Council.
The plan is supported by WWF India, WWF areas (Asian Rhino and Elephant action strategy) program, the international rhino foundation(IRF), US fish and wildlife service, and others.

Achievements of Indian Rhino Vision Plan 2020:

The Indian Rhino Vision Plan 2020 is believed to have achieved its target of attaining a population of 3,000 rhinos in Assam.
However, the plan to spread the one-horned rhinos across four protected areas beyond Kaziranga National Park, Orang National Park and Pobitora could not materialise.

Why was the Indian Rhino Vision plan launched?

Assam had at least five rhino-bearing areas till the 1980s. Better conservation efforts helped maintain the population of the one-horned rhinoceros in Kaziranga, Orang and Pobitora National Parks.
But the encroachment and poaching wiped out the one-horned rhinos from Manas and Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary.
This led to the Manas National Park (known for the near-extinction of the pygmy hog) losing the World Heritage Site tag it received in 1985 along with Kaziranga from UNESCO.
However, the translocated rhinos helped Manas National Park get back its World Heritage Site status in 2011.

About Rhinos:

There are three species of rhino in Asia — Greater one-horned, Javan and Sumatran.
Two greatest threats: Poaching for the horns and habitat loss
The five rhino range nations: India, Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia and Malaysia.
These Nations have signed a declaration ‘The New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019’ for the conservation and protection of the species.

Protection Status

IUCN Red List
- Javan and Sumatran Rhino: Critically endangered
- Greater one-horned rhino: Vulnerable

All three listed under Appendix I (CITES).
Greater one-horned rhino: Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
In India, rhinos are mainly found in Kaziranga National Park (NP), Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS), Orang NP and Manas NP in Assam, Jaldapara NP and Gorumara NP in West Bengal and Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in UP.

Source: TH

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