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DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS
31 May, 2020
6 Min Read
INDIGEN PROJECT
Part of: GS-III- S&T (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
What is Gene Sequencing?
A genome is the DNA or sequence of genes in a cell. Most of the DNA is in the nucleus and intricately coiled into a structure called the chromosome.
Every human cell contains a pair of chromosomes, each of which has three billion base pairs or one of four molecules that pair in precise ways. The order of base pairs and varying lengths of these sequences constitute the “genes”.
Sequencing a genome means deciphering the exact order of base pairs in an individual. It has been known that the portion of the genes responsible for making proteins called the exome occupies about 1% of the actual gene. The genome has to be mapped in its entirety to know which genes of a person’s DNA are “mutated”.
Gene Sequencing projects across world:
India’s Indigen project and other projects:
Genome India project:
Medgenome project:
Prospects of gene Sequencing:
Issues with gene sequencing:
Source: TH
26 October, 2019
Min Read
Context:
The IndiGen Genome project is conducted by CSIR.
It is a whole genome sequencing project.
The initiative was implemented by the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi and CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad.
Significance:
The outcomes of the IndiGen will have applications in a number of areas including predictive and preventive medicine with faster and efficient diagnosis of rare genetic diseases.
The data will be important for building the knowhow, baseline data and indigenous capacity in the emerging area of Precision Medicine.
Advantages :
A. It will sequence the Gene which hides the information on susceptibility to attain a disease.
B. Treatment of cancer, heart strokes and other diseases.
C. Personalised medicine vis a vis faster treatment process and less Out Of Pocket expenditure.
D. More research on understanding the gene functioning
DISADVANTGES :
A. It can breach the ethical standards fixed in the development of pluripotent stem cells.
B. It can also cause personalised biological attacks by anyone who has the access of your gene sequence.
C. Can also lead to breach of Right to Privacy which is also a fundamental right.
About Genomics for Public Health in India (IndiGen) programme:
IndiGen programme aims to undertake whole genome sequencing of thousands of individuals representing diverse ethnic groups from India.
The objective is to enable genetic epidemiology and develop public health technologies applications using population genome data.
Why Genome sequencing?
Ever since the human genome was first sequenced in 2003, it opened a fresh perspective on the link between disease and the unique genetic make-up of each individual.
Nearly 10,000 diseases — including cystic fibrosis, thalassemia — are known to be the result of a single gene malfunctioning.
While genes may render some insensitive to certain drugs, genome sequencing has shown that cancer too can be understood from the viewpoint of genetics, rather than being seen as a disease of certain organs.
Source: THE HINDU
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