Green Bonds

India has announced its intention to achieve all the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030.
The first green bond was issued in 2015.
This is an alternative to the Kuznets hypothesis that is used by developed countries to achieve SDG goals
A green bond is a fixed-income instrument designed specifically to support specific climate-related or environmental projects.

The green bond market in India includes:

Corporates issue green bonds for a period of 3-5 years. Banks opt for a longer tenure.
The US dollar and Indian Rupee are two preferred currencies.
The National Thermal Power Corporation and the International Finance Corporation started the overseas ‘Masala Bond’ market.

Environmental Kuznets Curve:

As per the Environmental Kuznets Curve, the environment of a country degrades in the initial stages of industrial growth.

After a certain level of economic growth, the society begins to improve its relationship with the environment and levels of environmental degradation reduces.
The pollution reduces with greater protection of the environment, technological improvements, diversification of the economy from manufacturing to services, and increasing scarcity and prices of environmental resources.

What is a Bond?

A Bond is a fixed income instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower.
It acts as a contract between the investor and the borrower.
Most companies and governments issue bonds and investors buy those bonds as a savings and security option.
These bonds have a maturity date and when once that is attained, the issuing company needs to pay back the amount to the investor along with a part of the profit.

Source: TH

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