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DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS

  • 05 November, 2023

  • 2 Min Read

Gravitational Constant (G)

The strength of the gravitational force depends on the gravitational constant.Any mass warps the fabric of space-time around itself and more the mass, the more the warping.

  • Gravity – It is the force that an object feels when travelling along the warped path which tends to move the object towards the mass.
  • Gravitational constant – It is denoted by a ‘G’, a fundamental physical constant.

Gravitation constant was 1st accurately determined by Henry Cavendish in 1797 and it is an essential component of both Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation and Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity.

Newton’s theory – The gravitational force between 2 objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

  • G is the proportionality constant whose value is 6.673 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2.

Einstein’s theory of general relativity – It states that space and time are relative, and all motion must be relative to a frame of reference.

  • It provides a more accurate description of gravitation, particularly in extreme conditions like massive celestial objects.
  • G describe the curvature (or the ‘warping’) of space-time in the presence of mass and energy.

Importance of G – The precise value of G is crucial to understand celestial mechanics and to determine the mass of celestial bodies.

  • Yet its value has been determined only with an uncertainty of about 22 parts per million.

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