Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

• It was started in 10^th five year plan in 2005. It works under Ministry of Ministry of Rural Development.
• Funding: Centrally Sponsored with the pattern 90:10.
• Providing provides a legal guarantee of at least 100 days of unskilled manual work in rural areas.
• Any member > 18 years (Adult members) of a rural household, willing to do unskilled manual work, may apply to the local Gram Panchayat (which will issue a Job Card). Minimum 14 days of Employment.
• If Employment is not given within 15 days, then daily unemployment allowance given by States.
• Wages to be given according to Minimum Wages Act, 1948. Minimum Wages is increased to 202 Rs. (early 175 Rs.)
• Atleast 1/3rd beneficiaries shall be women.
• Work site facilities such as crèche, drinking water, shade have to be provided.
• Projects will be recommended by Gram Sabha (does Social audit too) and approved by the Zilla panchayat.
• Atleast 50% works will be allotted to Gram Panchayats for execution. Permissible works predominantly include water and soil conservation, afforestation and land development works.
• 60:40 wage and material ratio has to be maintained. No contractors and machinery is allowed.
• Center bears 100% wage cost of unskilled manual labour and 75% of material cost including wages.
• Grievance redressal mechanisms at State and District level.
• Rights based approach. Strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions is an objective.
• Integration with other schemes like PMGSY, Housing for All etc. DBT for the wages.
• Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km radius of the village. In case work is provided beyond 5 km, extra wages of 10% are payable to meet additional transportation and living expenses.
• Disbursement of wages has to be done on weekly basis and not beyond a fortnight in any case.
• All accounts and records relating to the Scheme should be available for public scrutiny.

National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM), 2013

• Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• MoHUA has been implementing a Centrally Sponsored Scheme Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) since 1997 which has been restructured as DAY - National Urban Livelihoods Mission since 2013.
• It is for all cities with a population of > 1 lakh or more. All statutory towns.
• To reduce poverty, gain self employment and skilled wage employment, build strong grassroots level institutions.
• The mission would aim at providing shelter equipped with essential services to the urban homeless.
• It would also address issues of urban street vendors by access to suitable spaces, institutional credit, social security etc.
• To established strong right based linkages with other programmes and for PDS, ICDS, sanitation, financial inclusion etc.

Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Program (PMEGP)

1. It is a credit linked subsidy programme by merging 2 schemes namely PM Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) and Rural Employment Generation Program (REGP) for generation of employment opportunities through establising of micro enterprises in both rural and urban areas.
2. It is a Central Sector Scheme administered by MoMSME.
3. Implementation
   1. At National level: by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).
   2. At State Level: by State KVIC Directorates, State Khadi and Village Ind ustries Boards (KVIBs) and District Industries Centres (DICs) and banks.
4. Objectives
   1. Generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in Rural and Urban areas especially to artisans through setting up micro enterprises.
   2. To facilitate participation of financial institutions for higher credit flow to micro sector.
5. Eligibility: > 18 years, 8th pass (for > 10 lakhs in manufacturing and > 5 lakhs for Service sector), SHG and Charitable trusts, Production based cooperatives societies.
6. Salient Features: It is implemented through KVIC and State/ UT KVIB in rural areas and through District Industries Centers (DIC) in Urban and Rural areas in ratio 30:30:40 between KVIC/ KVIB/ DIC.

Micro-Units Development Refinance Agency (MUDRA) Bank

• It is a refinance institution for Microfinance institutions. MUDRA Bank will refinance MFIs through a PM Mudra Yojana.
• It is not just a refinance institution but also a regulator for MFIs.
• MUDRA Bank is being operationalised as a subsidiary of SIDBI known as MUDRA (SIDBI) Bank.
• It registers, regulates, accreditates MFIs entities and lays down guidelines for micro/small enterprise financing business.
• Budget 2015-16 proposed to create MUDRA with a corpus of Rs. 20000 crore made available from the shortfalls of PSL.
• In addition there is a Credit Guarantee Corpus of Rs. 3000 crore for guaranteeing loans to Micro enterprises.
• MUDRA Bank operates through regional level financing institutions who in turn connect with MFIs, Small Banks, SHGs, NBFC (other than MFI) and Primary Credit Cooperative Societies.
• In lending MUDRA gives priority yo enterprises set up by under privilege sections of society especially SC/ ST, 1st generation entrepreneurs sna existing small business.

PM Mudra Yojana, 2015

• Launched in 2015 for providing loans upto 10 lakhs to non corporate, non farm small/ micro enterprises.
• To “fund the unfunded” by bringing such enterprises to the formal financial system and extending affordable credit to them.
• Under PMMY, all banks viz. Public Sector Banks, Private sector Banks, RRBs, State Cooperative Banks, Urban Cooperative Banks, Foreign Banks and NBFCs/MFIs.
• Loans offered are Shishu (upto 50000); Kishor (50000 to 5 lakhs) and Tarun (5 lakhs to 10 lakhs). There is no subsidy for this loan.
• Sectors like Land Transport, Community, Social and Personal service activities; Food products; Textile products are included.

Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY)

• PMRPY Scheme aims to incentivise employers registered with EPFO for job creation by the Govt paying the full 12% employers' contribution to EPF & EPS both w.e.f 01.04.2018 (earlier benefit was applicable for employer's contribution towards EPS only i.e 8.33%) for the new employees having UAN (Universal Account Number), for 1st 3 years of employment.
• It is implemented by Ministry of Labour & Employment and is operational since 2016.
• Eligibility

1. Establishments should have a Labour Identification Network (LIN) allotted to them under Shram Suvidha Portal.
2. PMRPY is for new employees earning wage < 15000 per month.

• Duration: The scheme was in operation for 3 years i.e. till 2019-20.