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DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS
28 October, 2021
15 Min Read
Energy Security And Russia
Context: Energy security is Important for UPSC prelims and GS PAPER 1 and GS PAPER 2
India’s proactive role through “Act Far East Policy” and Russia’s increasing investment in India’s energy sector can pave the way for energy transformation and energy security in India and has the potential for global energy stability.
RUSSIA Energy Reserves
Russia's oil- and natural gas-producing regions
Urals-Volga
Urals-Volga was the largest producing region up until the late 1970s when it was surpassed by West Siberia.
Khanty-Mansiisk
The Khanty-Mansiisk area of West Siberia is Russia’s largest oil-producing region, accounting for about 4.8 million b/d of liquids production, nearly 45% of Russia’s total production in 2016.
Yamal-Nenets, Krasnoyarsk, and the Arctic offshore
The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district straddles the Arctic coast of West Siberia, with Krasnoyarsk lying just to the east of Yamal-Nenets. This region is mostly known for natural gas production. Crude oil development is relatively new for the region and has required the construction of new infrastructure.
East Siberia
Rosneft’s Verkhnechonskoye oil and natural gas condensate field lies in the Irkutsk region near the ESPO pipeline.
Bazhenov shale
The Bazhenov shale layer, which lies under much of the existing West Siberian resource deposits, also holds great potential.
Caspian Sea
Lukoil has been actively exploring some of the deposits in the North Caspian Sea, and in 2010
Sakhalin Island
Sakhalin Island is located off Russia’s eastern shore. The offshore area to the east of Sakhalin Island is home to a number of large oil and natural gas fields that have had significant investment from international companies.
Magaden
Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Chukchi Sea
High production of oil and natural gas.
India-Russia Relations
Historical:
Political Relations:
Defence and Security Cooperation:
Trade and economic relations:
Intensifying the trade and economic relations has been identified as a priority area by the leaders on both sides as is clear by the revised targets of increasing bilateral investment to the US $ 50 billion and bilateral trade to the US $ 30 billion by 2025.
Nuclear Energy:
Russia is an important partner for India in the area of peaceful use of nuclear energy. It recognizes India as a country with advanced nuclear technology with an impeccable non-proliferation record.
What is Grandfather Clause?A grandfather clause, or legacy clause, is an exemption that allows persons or entities to continue with activities or operations that were approved before the implementation of new rules, regulations, or laws. Such allowances can be permanent, temporary, or instituted with limits |
Space Cooperation:
India-Russia cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of outer space dates back to about four decades. Both sides cooperate in the peaceful uses of outer space, including satellite launches, GLONASS navigation systems, remote sensing and other societal applications of outer space.
Science & Technology:
The Working Group on Science and Technology functioning under IRIGC-TEC, the Integrated Long Term Programme (ILTP) and the Basic Science Cooperation Programme are the three main institutional mechanisms for bilateral Science and Technology cooperation, while the Science Academies of the two countries promote inter-academy exchanges.
Cultural Cooperation:
There is a strong tradition of Indian studies in Russia. About 20 Russian Institutions, including leading universities and schools, regularly teach Hindi to about 1500 Russian students. Apart from Hindi, languages such as Tamil, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Urdu, Sanskrit and Pali are taught in Russian Institutions.
Key Highlights
Current engagement of India with this region is limited to select pockets such as Irkutsk where the MiG and Sukhoi fighter planes are built and in Sakhalin where ONGC Videsh has invested over $ 6 billion in oil and gas and exploration. The maiden visit by an Indian prime minister to Vladivostok is set to strengthen India's position in Asia-Pacific that has emerged as the kernel of future geo-strategy.
Eastern Economic Forum
The EEF was established by Russia in 2015, with the aim of supporting the economic development of Russia’s Far East, and to expand international cooperation in the Asia- Pacific region.
The Far East lies in the Asian part of Russia and is less developed than the country’s European areas. As part of Russia’s ‘Pivot to Asia’ strategy, Russia invited foreign countries to invest in this region. In the last five years, as many as 17 different countries have invested in the Far East. These include regional and global heavyweights like China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and Vietnam. As a result, 20 advanced special economic zones ,five free ports have been put in place and total of 1,780 new investment projects have become functional.
Indian Industries in the Region
Maritime Route: Chennai and Vladivostok
The two countries are also looking at the feasibility of Chennai-Vladivostok sea route that would allow India access to Russia’s Far East in 24 days, compared to the 40 days taken by the current route via Suez Canal and Europe. This sea route covers a distance of approximately 5,600 nautical miles, or about 10,300 km.
An ocean liner travelling from Vladivostok to Chennai would sail Southward on the Sea of Japan past the Korean peninsula, Taiwan and the Philippines in the South China Sea, past Singapore and through the Strait of Malacca, to emerge into the Bay of Bengal and then cut across through the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago to Chennai.
This route would potentially add the required balance to peace and prosperity in South China Sea and could open new vistas for India, like the India-Russia-Vietnam trilateral cooperation.
Strategic Implications of Act Far East Policy
Way Forward
Energy cooperation as the backbone of India-Russia ties .Russian companies have the potential to be long-term partners with India in aiding its energy transformation as
Source: The Hindu
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