Acute Encephalitis Syndrome

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Acute Encephalitis Syndrome

A child has recently been diagnosed with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in Bihar, the first case for this year.
AES, locally called chamki bukhar (fever causing seizure), usually surfaces during summer in the flood-prone districts of north Bihar.
It is characterized by acute-onset of fever and a change in mental status (mental confusion, disorientation, delirium, or coma) along with new-onset of seizures in a person of any age at any time of the year.
The disease most commonly affects children and young adults .
Viruses are the main causative agents in AES cases, although other sources such as bacteria have also been reported.
Japanese encephalitis virus is the major cause of AES in India (5%-35%).
Influenza A virus, West Nile virus, Chandipura virus, mumps, measles, dengue, Nipah, Zika are the other causes of AES in India.
Due to the wide range of causal agents and the rapid rate of neurological impairment, clinicians face the challenge of a small window period between diagnosis and treatment.

Widely reported areas - Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Tamil Nadu, UP.

Source: IE

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