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Monthly DNA
31 Dec, 2021
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Paper | Topics | Subject |
---|---|---|
GS-III | Tiger Reserves and Tiger Census- UPSC | Biodiversity & Environment |
Consumer Protection Rules, 2021 | Economic Issues |
More than 80% of the world’s wild tigers are in India, and it’s crucial to keep track of their numbers.
India’s five tiger landscapes are:
According to recent Census, Region-wise Highest population are in Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats followed by Western Ghats Region.
|
4th cycle of All India Tiger Estimation- Highlights:
|
Conservation efforts- National and Global:
|
Top 5 Reserves in terms of Core Zone Area: Nagarjunsagar Srisailam >Amrabad >Namdhapa > Satpura> Melaghat.
Sl. No. |
Name of Tiger Reserve |
State/ District Climate/ Vegetation |
Rivers /Physiography Protected Areas inside reserve Indigenous tribes
|
Area of the core / critical tiger habitat (In Sq. Kms.) |
Total area (In Sq. Kms.) |
1 |
Nagarjunsagar Srisailam |
Andhra Pradesh (Kurnool, Prakasam, Guntur, Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar) |
Krishna river, Ethipothala Falls, Pedda Dukudu falls , Nallamala hills. Gundla Brahmeshwaram WLS Chenchus |
2595.72 |
3296.31 |
2 |
Namdapha |
Arunachal Pradesh(Changlang district) |
Noa Dihing River originates at the Chaukan Pass. Between the Dapha bum range of the Mishmi Hills and the Patkai range. Lisu tribes |
1807.82 |
2052.82 |
3 |
Kamlang Tiger Reserve |
Arunachal Pradesh Lohit District Tropical and Subtropical climate |
Rivers: Kamlang Mishmi, Digaro Mishmi , and Miju Mishmi people |
671.00 |
783.00 |
4 |
Pakke / Pakhui |
Arunachal Pradesh (Pakke Kessang district) Subtropical climate Tropical Wet Evergreen to Alpine |
Rivers: Nameri,Pakke, kameng In news for Hornbill Conservation Sessa Orchid Sanctuary and Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary. Nyishi tribe |
683.45 |
1198.45 |
5 |
Manas |
Assam(Chirang and Baksa District) Tropical monsoon type climate Semi evergreen to Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Endemic spp: Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog |
Manas River |
840.04 |
3150.92 |
6 |
Nameri |
Assam |
|
200 |
344 |
7 |
Orang Tiger Reserve |
Assam (Darrang and Sonitpur districts) |
Northern bank of the Brahmaputra River, Pachnoi river, Belsiri river and Dhanshiri River border the park. |
79.28 |
492.46 |
8 |
Kaziranga Important Bird Area |
Assam(Golaghat, Karbi Anglong and Nagaon districts) Elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests, |
Indian leopard, gaur, chital, striped hyena, Indian jackal, sloth bear, |
625.58 |
1173.58 |
9 |
Valmiki |
Bihar(Champaran district) |
|
598.45 |
899.38 |
10 |
Udanti-Sitanadi |
Chattisgarh |
|
851.09 |
1842.54 |
11 |
Achanakmar |
Chattisgarh |
|
626.195 |
914.017 |
12 |
Indravati |
Chhattisgarh |
|
1258.37 |
2799.07 |
13 |
Palamau |
Jharkhand(Latehar district) Part of Betla National Park and Palamau WLS |
North Koel River
|
414.08 |
1129.93 |
14 |
Bandipur |
Karnataka (Chamaraja nagar) Shrub to dry to moist deciduous, |
Kabini river in the north and the Moyar river in the south. Nugu river runs through the park. Badagas |
872.24 |
1456.3 |
15 |
Bhadra |
Karnataka |
|
492.46 |
1064.29 |
16 |
Dandeli-Anshi |
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada district,) |
Kali River black panther, Indian bison, sloth bear, Indian wild boar, bonnet macaque, gray langur, gray slender loris, |
814.884 |
1097.514 |
17 |
Nagarahole |
Karnataka |
|
643.35 |
1205.76 |
18 |
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple |
Karnataka |
|
359.1 |
574.82 |
19 |
Periyar |
Kerala Malabar grey hornbill, Nilgiri wood pigeon, blue-winged parakeet, Nilgiri flycatcher |
located high in the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills of the south Western Ghats |
881 |
925 |
20 |
Parambikulam |
Kerala(Palakkad district) It is in the Sungam range of hills between the Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathy Hills |
Kadar, Malasar, Muduvar and Mala Malasar |
390.89 |
643.662 |
21 |
Kanha |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
917.43 |
2051.791 |
22 |
Pench |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
411.33 |
1179.63225 |
23 |
Bandhavgarh |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
716.903 |
1598.1 |
24 |
Panna |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
576.13 |
1578.55 |
25 |
Satpura |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
1339.264 |
2133.30797 |
26 |
Sanjay-Dubri |
Madhya Pradesh |
|
812.571 |
1674.502 |
27 |
Melghat |
Maharashtra (Amravati District) Tropical dry deciduous in nature, dominated by teak (Tectona grandis) |
Tapti River and the Gawilgadh ridge of the Satpura Range form the boundaries. Reserve is catchment area of Khandu, Khapra, Sipna, Gadga and Dolar. Korku tribe (80 %) and others like Gond, Nihal etc |
1500.49 |
2768.52 |
28 |
Tadoba-Andhari |
Maharashtra |
|
625.82 |
1727.5911 |
29 |
Pench |
Maharashtra |
|
257.26 |
741.22 |
30 |
Sahyadri |
Maharashtra(Satara , Sangli, Kolhapur and Ratnagiri) Moist deciduous forests to evergreen |
|
600.12 |
1165.57 |
31 |
Nawegaon-Nagzira |
Maharashtra(Gondia district) Dry mixed forest to moist forest |
|
653.674 |
653.674 |
32 |
Bor |
Maharashtra (Hingani in Wardha District) Dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with the main species being teak, ain, tendu (East Indian ebony) and bamboo. |
Bor Tiger Reserve will be merged with Pench Tiger Reserve as a 'Satellite core area', Indian leopard, Indian bison, blue bull, chital, sambar deer, barking deer, mouse deer |
138.12 |
138.12 |
33 |
Dampa |
Mizoram |
|
500 |
988 |
34 |
Similipal |
Odisha |
|
1194.75 |
2750 |
35 |
Satkosia |
Odisha |
|
523.61 |
963.87 |
36 |
Ranthambore |
Rajasthan(Sawai Madhopur) Dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadow Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, nilgai, wild boar, sambar, striped hyena, sloth bear, |
Bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. Ecoregion: Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests |
1113.364 |
1411.291 |
37 |
Sariska |
Rajasthan |
|
881.1124 |
1213.342 |
38 |
Mukandra Hills |
Rajasthan |
|
417.17 |
759.99 |
39 |
Kalakad-Mundanthurai |
Tamil Nadu(Tirunelveli) |
|
895 |
1601.542 |
40 |
Anamalai |
Tamil Nadu (Cuddalore District) |
|
958.59 |
1479.87 |
41 |
Mudumalai |
Tamil Nadu(Nilgiris District) |
|
321 |
688.59 |
42 |
Sathyamangalam |
Tamil Nadu(Erode District) tropical evergreen (Shola), semi-evergreen, mixed-deciduous, dry deciduous and thorn forests. |
Irula tribe (also known as the Urali) and Soliga communities |
793.49 |
1408.4 |
43 |
Srivilliputhur Meghamalai |
Tamil Nadu(Virudh nagar District) |
Recently Formed in 2020 |
|
|
44 |
Kawal |
Telangana(Mancherial District) Dry deciduous teak forests mixed with bamboo, |
It’s catchment for the rivers Godavari and Kadam. |
893.23 |
2019.12 |
45 |
Amrabad |
Telangana |
|
2166.37* |
2611.39* |
46 |
Dudhwa |
Uttar Pradesh Terai belt of marshy grasslands swamp deer, sambar deer, barking deer, spotted deer, hog deer, sloth bear |
|
1093.79 |
2201.7748 |
47 |
Pilibhit |
Uttar Pradesh (Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur Districts) Sal Shorea robusta forests. |
River Sharda and the River Ghaghara Suhelwa and Sohagibarwa wildlife sanctuaries |
602.798 |
730.2498 |
48 |
Amangarh (buffer of Corbett TR) |
Uttar Pradesh |
|
- |
80.6 |
Corbett |
Uttarakhand (Nainital and Pauri Garhwal district) Monsoon type Moist deciduous forest |
Ramganga river, Patli Dun valley Bhoksa/Buksa people |
821.99 |
1288.31 |
|
49 |
Rajaji TR |
Uttarakhand(Haridwar, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal.) |
|
255.63 |
1075.17 |
50 |
Sunderbans |
West Bengal(South 24 Parganas, Khulna and Bakerganj) Royal Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, river terrapin, olive ridley turtle, Ganges river dolphin, hawksbill turtle and mangrove horseshoe crab. |
Hugli to the mouth of the Meghna river |
1699.62 |
2584.89 |
51 |
Buxa |
West Bengal |
Northern bank of the Brahmaputra River |
390.5813 |
757.9038 |
|
TOTAL |
|
|
40340.12 |
71027.10 |
Source: PIB
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019
Changes in Consumer Protection Rules, 2021
With notification of the aforementioned rules, the new pecuniary jurisdiction, subject to other provisions of the Act, shall be as under:
To provide a faster and amicable mode of settling consumer disputes, the Act also includes a reference of consumer disputes to Mediation, with the consent of both parties. This will not only save time and money for the parties involved in litigating the dispute but will also aid in reducing the overall pendency of cases.
Source: PIB
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