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DAILY NEWS ANALYSIS

Monthly DNA

23 Dec, 2023

14 Min Read

Veto power in UNSC

GS-II : International organisation United Nation

The US vetoed a resolution of the UN Security Council (UNSC) that called for a Gaza ceasefire.

All member countries of the UN are part of the General Assembly (UNGA) which can pass resolutions on relevant matters. Only a simple majority (of more than half the members) is required to pass its resolutions.

  • UN Security Council (UNSC) - It consists 15 members.
  • United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia and China are the permanent members of UNSC and called as P5 countries.
  • Based on UNGA elections, the 10 additional members are elected for 2 years each.

In 1965, the number of non-permanent UNSC members was increased from six to 10.

  • UNSC resolutions are legally binding, unlike the UNGA’s.
  • Each party has 1 vote and it needs minimum of 9 votes to adopt a resolution.
  • Right to veto– Each of the P5 members has the power to veto a vote which is a negative vote against the resolution.
  • According to UN Charter, if any 1 of the P5 members cast a veto in UNSC, the resolution would fail while abstaining from voting is not a negative vote.
  • Exclusive veto power – After WW-II ended in 1945, the P5 were among the victors against Germany, Italy and Japan.
  • The US, the UK and the USSR (later Russia) were accorded certain exclusive rights to themselves in UNSC recognizing their key role in ending the war and forming UN.
  • They in turn offered seats to France and China that these countries would assume, or reassume, great-power status.
  • Limitations – Current body is limited in terms of representation.

Dumbarton Oaks conference was held in Washington DC in 1944 which was attended by representatives of China, Great Britain, the USSR and the US in drawing the contours of UN.

Source:

Operation Prosperity Guardian

GS-II : International Relations Maritime security

Houthi militants from Yemen have attacked or seized commercial ships near the Red Sea amidst the ongoing Gaza war.

  • It is a multinational security initiative in the Red Sea.
  • Launched by – USA
  • Partner countries – UK, Bahrain, Canada, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Seychelles and Spain have joined and others.
  • Coordinated by – Combined Maritime Forces, Task Force 153.

The Combined Maritime Forces is a multi-naval taskforce with 39 members including India and Pakistan. It was set up in 2022 to improve maritime security in the Red Sea, Bab el-Mandeb and the Gulf of Aden.

  • Role – Increased presence of military ships and joint patrols.
  • While they will not necessarily escort a specific vessel, they will provide umbrella protection to as many as possible.

Red Sea

  • The nearly 2,000-km Red Sea connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Indian Ocean via the narrow Suez Canal (since 1869).

Importance – According to the US agency, the Suez Canal accounted for 9.2 million barrels per day of total oil flows in the first half of 2023.

  • Another estimate says that about 12% of global trade depends on the Suez Canal, compared to 5% on the Panama Canal.

Impact of attacks – Oil prices rose fearing about the problems that could confront global shipping and logistics.

  • The journeys could increase by 2 weeks because of the re-routing through Africa.
  • A container bound for the Middle East will now attract a war risk surcharge.

The Houthis are Zaydi Shias, a sub-sect of Shia Islam are in civil war with the Yemen government by controlling northern Yemen, including the capital Sanaa while the government now operates out of Aden.

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Algae-assisted Carbon capture

GS-III : Biodiversity & Environment Biodiversity & Environment

IIT Jodhpur’s innovative technology uses algae-assisted fuel cells to capture carbon dioxide, treat wastewater and generate power.

  • It is an indirect method for converting CO2 into carbonates and then use it for algal growth.

Aim – To generates power, algae biomass and treats water by utilising algae-assisted MFC for flue gas carbon capture.

Flue gas the gas produced from the flue or chimneys of thermal power stations and other industrial plants

Microbial fuel cells (MFC)

  • A bio-electrochemical device that generates electricity by harnessing the metabolic activity of microorganisms.
  • When microorganisms break down organic matter as in wastewater into simpler molecules, electrons are released in the process.
  • If these electrons are made to flow through an external circuit, you get electric current.

WorkingCO2 from the flue gas is absorbed by the wastewater supplemented with sodium bicarbonate and generates flue-gas-derived bicarbonates (FGDBs).

  • FGDB helps in growth of algae Chlorella vulgaris which is thermo-tolerant and can grow in wastewater.
  • Algae-assisted MFC is then used to generate electricity.

Significance – This indirect biochemical route of CO2 fixation is advantageous since more inorganic carbon can stay in the water.

    • 1 tonne of algae captures 180 tonnes of flue gas CO2.
    • For a cubic meter of wastewater and FGDB in MFC, they got energy of 0.0066 kWhr.

This is the 1st time that the integration of algae MFC with flue gas carbon capture has been attempted anywhere.

Limitations – A tonne per day of CO2 capture requires 2 sq km algae culture area (aerial) in vertically aligned pipes.

Source:

A Touchscreen

GS-III : S&T S&T

Between 2007 and 2013, capacitive touchscreens overtook resistive touchscreens in the consumer electronics market.

  • Invention – The 1st touch screen was invented in 1965 by E.A. Johnson of U.K, a capacitive device.
  • Function – It is a surface that combines 2 functions
    • To receive inputs for a computer (say, tapping on an app)
    • To display the output (launching the app).
  • Working – It consists of 3 main components
  • A touch sensor – It has an electrical current going through it and touching the screen causes a voltage or signal changes which are used to determine the location of the touch.
  • Main technology used in sensors are
    • Resistive
    • Capacitive
    • Surface Acoustic Wave(SAW)
    • Infrared LED or Optical
  • A controller – It takes information’s from the touch sensor and translates it into information the PC can understand.
  • A software Driver – It allows the touch screen and computers to work together.
  • Applications – Smartphones, ATM machines, TVs, refrigerators, e-readers, billing systems, and electronic voting machines (EVMs).

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Red Sea

GS-I : Physical Geography World Geography

  • The Red Sea is a narrow inland sea between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula and most heavily travelled waterways between Europe and Asia.
  • It is connected to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean to the south through the Gulf of Aden and the narrow strait of Bab el Mandeb.
  • The northern portion of the Red Sea is bifurcated by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez, where it is connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the famous Suez Canal.
  • It's one of the world's warmest and saltiest seas, and is high in nutrients and plankton.

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Taiwan Strait

GS-I : Physical Geography World Geography

  • The Taiwan Strait is also known as the Formosa Strait that separates mainland China and the island of Taiwan.
  • The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north.

The strait is an arm of the Pacific Ocean and extends from southwest to northeast.

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NAMAN’ (NIMHANS-AHT Comprehensive Mental-Health-prog)

GS-II : Government policies and interventions Government Schemes & Programmes

  • NAMAM programme is recently being implemented in 2 taluks of Karnataka and Uttarakhand and is expected to be completed within 3 years.
  • It is a collaborative intiative of National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) & Bengaluru and the Ashraya Hastha Trust (AHT).

NAMAN is a rural mental health program that aims to provide preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative care to the entire population of the target taluks.

Source:

Surat Diamond Bourse

GS-II : Government policies and interventions Government policies and interventions

  • PM inaugurates Surat Diamond Bourse in Gujarat recently.
  • It is world’s largest and modern centre for international diamond and jewellery business and is part of the Diamond Research and Mercantile (DREAM) City.

It will be a global centre for trading of both rough and polished diamonds as well as jewellery.

Source:

Gelephu Smartcity Project

GS-II : International Relations India and its neighborhood

  • The Gelephu project is a mega project in Bhutan to have 1,000-sq. km. green city along Assam border ‘connecting South Asia to Southeast Asia’.

There are also discussions about a 58-km rail link between Gelephu and Kokrajhar in Assam were also held.

Source:

Domestic Cats

GS-III : Biodiversity & Environment Conservation

  • A recent study says that free-ranging domestic cats, one of the most invasive species, were threat to conservation.
  • They eat 2,084 species globally & pushing some species even to extinction.
  • Among those species almost half of the species were birds, followed by reptiles and mammals.

They identified that the species consumed by cats are of 16.65% of which are near-threatened or of higher concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

Source:

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