DUNAGIRI- PROJECT 17A FRIGATE

Defense Minister Rajnath Singh launched Y- 3023 Dunagiri, Project 17A Frigate built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders Limited (GRSE) in Kolkata on July 15, 2022.

About Dunagiri, Project 17A Frigate

• Named after a mountain range in the state of Uttarakhand, Dunagiri is the fourth ship of P17A Frigates.
• Dunagiri P17A Frigates are a follow-on class of the P17 (Shivalik Class) Frigates with improved stealth features with advanced weapons and sensors and platform management systems.
• The first two ships of the P17A project were launched in 2019 and 2020 at Mazagaon Dock Limited (MDL) and GRSE in Kolkata.
• The third ship which is Udaygiri was launched at MDL on 17 May 2022 in this year.
• P17A ships have been designed in-house by the Indian Navy Directorate of Naval Design (DND), which has successfully spearheaded the design of numerous classes of indigenous warships.

Significance

• It is a step toward self-reliance in warship building.
• 'Dunagiri' would be a world-class stealth frigate with multidimensional capabilities to destroy the enemies from sea, sky, and underwater.
• For tackling Security challenges in the Indian Ocean region and Indo-Pacific.

It will promote the Vision of SAGAR and protect, preserve and promote India's National Maritime interests. It will empower the Indian Navy with better defence infrastructure and assets and will also ensure deterrence in the Indian Ocean region.

JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has delivered the deepest and sharpest infrared image of the distant universe so far.

Webb’s First Deep Field of view is galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 and it is teeming with thousands of galaxies – including the faintest objects ever observed in the infrared.

About James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

About:

• It is the world's premier space science observatory.
• It will solve the mysteries in our solar system and look beyond distant worlds around other stars, and will also probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it.
• It is an international program led by NASA with its partners, European Space Agency and Canadian Space Agency.
• The telescope launched on an Ariane 5 from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana.

Mission:

• It will be “a giant leap forward in the quest to understand the Universe and our origins”, as it will examine every phase of cosmic history, from the Big Bang to the formation of galaxies, stars, and the planets to the evolution of our Solar System.

Current status

• It is currently at a point in space known as the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point which is approximately 1.5 million km beyond Earth’s orbit around the Sun.
• Lagrange Point 2 is one of the five points in the orbital plane of the Earth-Sun system.
• Named after Italian-French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, the points are in any revolving two-body system like Earth and Sun, marking where the gravitational forces of the two large bodies cancel each other out.
• Objects placed at these positions are relatively stable and also require minimal external energy or fuel to keep themselves there, and so many instruments are positioned here.???????

How it is different from Hubble Space Telescopes?

• The JWST will be able to see right through and into massive clouds of dust that are opaque to earlier generation visible-light observatories like the Hubble Telescope.
• The Webb is equipped with cameras and other instruments which are sensitive to infrared or “heat” radiation, which the Hubble telescope was not.
• Webb studies the universe in the infrared with wavelength coverage from 0.6 to 28 microns (the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum is from about 0.75 microns to a few hundred microns) while Hubble looked at it mainly at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths with coverage of 0.1 to 0.8 microns.
• Webb’s mirror is approximately 6.5 meters larger than Hubble’s mirror which was 2.4 meters and therefore looks farther back into time than Hubble’s space telescope. Webb will cover approximately 15 times the field of view covered by Hubble’s NICMOS camera.
• Hubble Telescope orbits the Earth at an altitude of approx. 570 km. Webb will not orbit the Earth, instead, it will sit at the Earth-Sun L2 Lagrange point, 1.5 million km away. This means that Webb will orbit the Sun along with the Earth, but will stay fixed at the same spot in relation to the Earth and the Sun.

(At the L2 point, Webb’s solar shield will block the light from the Sun, Earth, and Moon, which will help it stay cool — important for an infrared telescope.)