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14 Apr, 2020
46 Min Read
Neighboring Rights Law – WIPO
Part of: GS-II- International organisation-IPR (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
The French competition regulator has asked Google to negotiate with publishers and news agencies the remuneration due to them under the law relating to neighboring rights.
Neighboring Rights
Protection in India
Earlier news: Copyright Case verdict
In The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford vs Rameshwari Photocopy Services case, the Delhi HC gave the verdict that photocopying portions of academic publications to make course packs for students does not amount to copyright infringement. Along with the verdict in Novartis case, this marks an important point in the evolution of IPR laws in the country.
Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves. Copyright is a form of IPR that is recognized under the 1995 TRIPS Agreement.
Judgement by Delhi HC:
The Delhi HC in its verdict mentioned that copyright is a statutory right and not a natural right. Hence, any right that is granted to the owner is also limited by exceptions carved out by law. Section 52(1)(i) of Copyright Act of India provides that exception. It allows for reproduction of work in the following cases:
The crux of the dispute was whether course packs fall within this exception. The petitioners tried to provide a narrow reading of the section, claiming that at best what the section allows for is the provision of materials in the course of a lecture and spatially restricted to a classroom. The court, while rejecting this claim, argues that “instruction” cannot be narrowly understood. It held that “when an action if onerously done is not an offence, it will not become an offence when owing to advancement in technology, doing thereof is simplified”. Photocopiers have made the task simpler and faster, but if the act of copying for a particular purpose is itself not illegal, and “the effect of the action is the same, the difference in the mode of action cannot make a difference so as to make one an offence”.
The court also questioned the unidimensional suggestion that the purpose of copyright is protection of the property rights of owners. It is designed rather to stimulate activity and progress in the arts for the intellectual enrichment of the public. Copyright is intended to increase and not to impede the harvest of knowledge. It is intended to motivate the creative activity of authors and inventors in order to benefit the public.
Impact of the judgement
Conclusion:
In light of the argument given by the court with regard to access to education the judgement is needed for a country like India where the demand for books is high and university and public libraries are short in supply, crowded and noisy. The Indian Copyright law and the exception provided under it (Section 52(1)(i) is fully compliant with international obligations under TRIPS and Berne Convention. Many of the published works are prohibitively expensive putting them beyond the reach of many students and the onus falls on these publishers to come up with innovative business models so that the cost impact on students can be reduced. In an era of rapidly evolving technology such as ebooks etc, coming up with cost effective solutions which can enhance the reach of knowledge is the need of the hour.
Source: IE/TH
PM Narendra Modi speech highlights 14th April 2020
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 14th April addressed the nation on the last day of coronavirus lockdown. In his address, the Prime Minister said that the nation-wide lockdown will be extended till May 3.
Here is a look at the highlights from Prime Minister's address —
Considering all suggestions, it has been decided that the lockdown will be extended till May 3. During this time we have to be disciplines like we have so far been.
Source: ToI
Ebola Death in Democratic Republic of Congo
Part of: GS-II- International Affairs-Health (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the Democratic Republic of Congo recorded a second Ebola death in days following more than seven weeks without a new case.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly disease with occasional outbreaks that occur primarily on the African continent. EVD most commonly affects people and nonhuman primates (such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). It is caused by an infection with a group of viruses within the genus Ebolavirus:
Of these, only four (Ebola, Sudan, Taï Forest, and Bundibugyo viruses) are known to cause disease in people. Reston virus is known to cause disease in nonhuman primates and pigs, but not in people. It is unknown if Bombali virus, which was recently identified in bats, causes disease in either animals or people.
Imp Points
Ebola Virus Disease
Source: TH
SHGs Fight against Covid-19 - SELF HELP GROUP
Part of: GS-II- Governance- SHG (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
Women members of around 63 lakh Self Help Groups (SHGs) across the country formed under the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), Ministry of Rural Development are contributing in every possible way to contain the spread of Covid-19.
Important Interventions by SRLMs: (Important for examples in Sociology)
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission
Source: TH/PIB
Cognitive Science Research Initiative and SATYAM-Yoga
Part of: GS-III- S&T - Health (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
Recently, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) has initiated the Science and Technology of Yoga and Meditation (SATYAM) programme. Under SATYAM, DST has invited proposals to study appropriate intervention of yoga and meditation in fighting Covid-19 and similar kinds of viruses.
Aim:
To provide assistance to society in today’s critical condition arising due to pandemic Covid-19.
This is a need-based call, therefore, proposed work should be completed within 6-12 months.
Science and Technology of Yoga and Meditation Programme
Cognitive Science Research Initiative
Source: TH/web
Part of: GS-III- Economy (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST)
The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has clarified that the contributions to the Chief Minister’s Relief Fund or the State relief fund will not qualify as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure, while any donation to the PM CARES Fund will.
Important Points
Corporate Social Responsibility
PM CARE FUND: The Fund is a public charitable trust with the Prime Minister as its Chairman. Other Members include Defence Minister, Home Minister and Finance Minister. The Fund enables micro-donations as a result of which a large number of people will be able to contribute with the smallest of denominations. The Fund will strengthen disaster management capacities and encourage research on protecting citizens.
Source: TH
“Unnayan: Mera Mobile, Mera Vidyalaya”
Recently, the Bihar Education Project Council (BEPC) has launched a mobile application and plans to book a slot with the All India Radio (AIR) for the audio broadcast of study materials for government school students.
The mobile application named “Unnayan: Mera Mobile, Mera Vidyalaya” has been launched for Class VI to XII of over 70,000 government-run schools. The app has been jointly developed by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the Bihar government and Eckovation, a social learning platform. In collaboration with UNICEF, class-wise and subject-wise study materials are being prepared which will be broadcast by AIR.
The BEPC has also encouraged students for the use of online education portals like Diksha. On Diksha app NCERT books are available free of cost for Class 1 to XII and have also integrated audio-visual media along with digital textbooks.
Source: TH
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is a special program of the United Nations (UN) devoted to aiding national efforts to improve the health, nutrition, education, and general welfare of children. It was created in 1946 as the International Children’s Emergency Fund (ICEF) by the UN relief Rehabilitation Administration to help children affected by World War II.
Objective: It is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. It is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989.
Nobel Prize: It was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1965 for “promotion of brotherhood among the nations”.
Headquarters: New York City.
Source: Web
COVID-19 and SHG – Self Help Group Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- Governance-SHG (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Around 78,000 self help group members of 27 state rural livelihood mission produces about 2 crore masks. About two crore masks have been produced by around 78 thousand Self Help
PMUY beneficiary under Pradhan Mantri Kalyan Yojana- Pradhan Mantri Ujwala Yojana Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- Governance (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) To date, oil marketing companies have initiated the transfer of Rs 5,606 crore to 7.15 Crore Pradhan Mantri Ujwala Yojana beneficiary accounts
HRD ministry launches portal “yukti” Minister for Human Resource Development has launched a web-portal YUKTI (Young India Combating COVID with Knowledge, Technology and Innovation) in New Delhi today. The portal and dashboard will monitor and record the efforts and initiatives of the
CSIR and COVID-19 CSIR - centre for cellular and microbiology in Hyderabad engaged in fight against COVID 19 CCMB is an authorized testing centre for COVID-19 and receives patient samples from government hospitals across 33 districts of Telangana to check for SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, test ca
COVID-19 and EPFO - LABOUR REFORMS Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III- ECONOMY-EPFO (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) EPFO processes around 1.3 lakh claims, disburse to help fight corona to the subscriber Employees Provident Fund Organization, EPFO, has processed about 1.37 lakh claims disbursing 279.6
COVID-19 and World reports Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III- Economy (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) 1. Asia Development Bank assures India 2.2 billion support to fight COVID: Asian Development Bank today assured India of 2.2 billion US dollar support to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The fina
Analysis of - the Van Dhan Scheme The Van Dhan Scheme is an initiative of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and TRIFED. It was launched on 14th April 2018 and seeks to improve tribal incomes through the value addition of tribal products. The scheme will be implemented through the Minis
COVID-19 and TRIFED-Tribal rights Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- Governance (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) TRIFED asks state implementing agencies to initiate procurement of MINIMUM FOREST PRODUCE at MSP. The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) which functions
Supreme Court direction for the welfare of migrant labour housed at a relief centre The Court directed that adequate medical facilities besides proper arrangements for food, clean drinking water and sanitation be ensured for migrant workers at relief camps/shelters across the country. Further, tr
COVID-19 and Essential Commodities Act Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- Governance (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The Essential Commodities Act, of 1955 was enacted to ensure the easy availability of essential commodities to consumers and to protect them from exploitation by unscrupulous traders. T
J&K shifting of capital Recently, for the first time in 144 years, the Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) administration has decided to halt the bi-annual shifting of the capital, called the ‘Durbar move’ due to the ongoing Covid-19 crisis. Key Points From May t
Industrial revolution 4.0 Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III- Economy (PT-MAINS-PT) Technology forms the subtext of human development. History is loaded with instances of technology serving as catalysts in the grand narrative of human development. From basic necessities like food, air, water, clo
Swachhata App and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II- Governance (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has launched a revised version of the existing Swachhata-MoHUA App to handle queries specific to Covid-1
NBFCs Face Moratorium Issue with Banks Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III- Economy-Bank (PT-MAINS-PERSONALITY TEST) Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) may face a tough time following the Reserve Bank of India’s recent directive on providing a moratorium on repayment. This is
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