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Monthly DNA
08 Jan, 2024
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Tsunami waves hit several parts of Japan’s coastal areas and urgent evacuation warnings were issued after a 7.6-magnitude earthquake shook the country’s north-central region.
What is Tsunami?
Tsunami– A Japanese word meaning harbour wave.
It is a series of giant ocean waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the ocean.
Submarine earthquakes have generated about 80% of all tsunami events recorded globally.
Scientific Basis of Tsunami – Earthquake based |
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Physical attributes
The wavelength is a factor which distinguishes tsunamis from wind waves, a tsunami wavelength can be more than 200 km long which is considerably longer than a wind wave wavelength.
Lifetime of a tsunami – It can be divided into 3 stages namely generation, propagation, and run-up.
The power of a tsunami – It is highly dependent on 2 factors.
What are factors responsible for the occurrence of Tsunami?
Conditions for an earthquake to cause Tsunami |
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What are the effects of tsunami on life and economy?
What are risks and vulnerability of India with respect to Tsunami?
India is one of the 10 worst disaster prone countries in the world.
Why is Japan prone to earthquakes and tsunamis? |
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What are the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk as per NDMA?
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) |
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Indian National Centre of Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) is the Nodal agency for Tsunami related early warning system.
India’s relief operation aftermath of Tsunami |
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Recently the Kerala High Court ruled that a customer in a brothel can be charged under the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956.
What is the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956?
Human trafficking – Forced or illegal transfer of people for the purpose of labour or other illegal activities.
Under Article 23 (1) of Indian constitution, trafficking in human beings or persons is prohibited in India.
Passed in – 1956, as All India Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act (SITA) in pursuance of the International Convention signed by India in 1950, for the prevention of immoral traffic.
Objective – To prevent the commercialisation of vices and the trafficking of females.
Amendment Act of 1986 – It has amended the title to ‘Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act’ and replaced the words ‘Women and Girls’ with the word ‘Persons’.
Definition – Section 2 of the act defines both ‘brothel’ and ‘prostitution’.
Brothel – It includes any house, room, or place, or any portion of any house, room or place, which is used for purposes [of sexual exploitation or abuse] for the gain of another person or for the mutual gain of two or more prostitutes.
Prostitution – It is defined as the sexual exploitation, or abuse of persons, for commercial purposes.
Special police officer – There shall be for each area to be specified appointed by or on behalf of state government who shall not be below the rank of an Inspector of Police.
Protective home – An institution where people in need of care and protection are kept.
Corrective institution – An institution where a person in need of correction or reformation may be detained but no victim can be sent to a corrective institution against her wishes if she is an adult.
Punishment – It penalises acts such as
Section 5 of the act deals with punishments.
Imprisonment – Inducing persons to engage in prostitution is punishable with rigorous imprisonment for 3–7 years, along with Rs 2,000 fine and if it is committed against their will, the maximum sentence can be extended to 14 years or life.
What is the current case?
Petitioner’s plea – He shall not be implicated for any offence under the ITP Act.
District court ruling – It rejected the plea of petitioner and directed that charges be framed against him.
Kerala HC ruling – While the term “procure” isn’t defined in the 1956 Act, the court construed the word to mean those getting or obtaining “domain over a person” for prostitution.
Significance of the ruling – By adding that a customer will be held liable in addition to pimps/brothel-keepers who hire persons for prostitution.
Prosecution of customers |
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Against the prosecution of customers |
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Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has submitted three nominations from India for Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) of Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) & Udaipur (Rajasthan) under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
WCA – A voluntary scheme that recognizes cities which have taken exceptional steps to safeguard their urban wetlands.
Establishment – During the Ramsar Convention COP12, 2015.
Objectives – To recognize the importance of wetlands in urban and peri-urban environments and to take appropriate measures to conserve and protect these wetlands.
Significance – Cities can gain international recognition and positive branding opportunities for their efforts and provides sustainable socio-economic benefits for local populations.
It will generate public awareness about wetland conservation and also help in implementation of Amrit Dharohar in India which aims to foster sustainable ecosystem development with the help of local communities.
About Wetland City Accreditation:
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Indore |
Bhopal |
Udaipur |
Location |
Madhya Pradesh |
Bihar |
Rajasthan |
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Sirpur Lake, a bird sanctuary |
Bhoj Wetland with Jal Tarang (wetland interpretation centre) |
5 wetlands –Pichola |
Efforts & Recognitions |
-Wetland mitras for Sarus Crane. -Cleanest city in India. -India’s Smart City Award 2023. |
-Wetland mitras for Sarus Crane. -Draft City Development Plan 2031 |
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6 Criteria for getting WEA
Source: pib
The researchers at Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) have examined the existence of high-frequency plasma waves in the Martian plasma environment.
IIG is an autonomous institute of Department of Science and Technology.
Plasma is formed when a gas is heated to high temperatures or subjected to strong electric fields, causing its atoms to become ionised by either losing or gaining electrons.
Plasma waves in Mars
Mars does not have any intrinsic magnetic field therefore the high-speed solar wind coming from the Sun interacts directly with the Mars atmosphere, like an obstacle in the flow.
Source: pib
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