Urban farming

• The Delhi government received the "Draft Citizen's Policy for Urban Agriculture in Delhi" from the research of the non-profit People's Resource Centre in 2022, which offered a comprehensive framework for urban farming.

More about the news:

• Delhi gets 60% of its meat, 25% of its milk, and 15% of its vegetable needs from the produce grown in the city.

• However, the land use and farming policies of the National Capital do not take into account how food is produced and distributed in urban settings.

The Draft Citizen's Policy for Urban Agriculture in Delhi makes the following recommendations:

• encouraging urban and community farming through rooftop and kitchen gardens,
• putting unused land to use for agriculture
• establishing a market
• creating guidelines for animal care and raising awareness.

About urban farming:

• Urban agriculture is another name for urban farming. Small spaces like bare plots, gardens, verges, balconies, and containers, involve cultivating vegetables and keeping small livestock like milk cows.

• Urban residents can use it as a source of food and revenue. The goods created in this way can be used for personal use or sold in nearby markets.

Method of urban farming:

• Vertical farming: In order to conserve space and use the least amount of energy and water for irrigation, vertical farming involves planting food crops in layers that are vertically stacked.

• Rooftop farming: Rooftop farming is the technique of growing food on the roofs of structures.
• Backyard gardens: Using any available space in the backyard to cultivate and produce your own food is a common habit.
• With hydroponics, it is possible to grow vegetables in water that is rich in nutrients instead of using soil to nourish their roots. Hydroponic system design can take many different forms, but the fundamental components are always the same.

Advantages of Urban Agriculture:

• Business Development: By generating jobs, money, and the expansion of small enterprises, urban farming supports the local economy.

• Job Creation: Even if it's seasonal work, urban farms may give many unemployed people a reliable source of money as well as vital education and skills.
• Urban Redevelopment: Wastelands and unused land can be used for farming. It increases green space while lowering pollutants. Communities with urban farms and community gardens see an increase in property value.
• Health and Wellness: Fresh produce is produced closer to the final destination through urban farming. Food grown in metropolitan areas is much more likely to be in-season, perfectly ripe, and nutritious.
• Less Food Waste: Individuals only produce what they require. This significantly lowers food waste.
• Low investment since urban farming requires less space and has lower setup and infrastructure costs. When compared to conventional farming, the installation costs are quite little.
• Water conservation: They can use less water by using techniques like hydroponics and aquaponics.

Challenges

• Urban soils are frequently contaminated with heavy metals, pollution, and other harmful materials, which makes it challenging to grow crops in a secure and sustainable way.

• Water availability: Farmers frequently struggle to get enough water to meet the needs of their crops and livestock because it is a limited resource in many metropolitan areas.
• Lack of Infrastructure: Urban farming frequently needs specialized infrastructure, which can be expensive and difficult to acquire. Examples include greenhouses, irrigation systems, cooling facilities, and storage facilities.
• Limited Land Availability: The lack of sufficient land in urban settings is one of the main problems for urban farming.
• Farmers find it challenging to obtain the land they require to grow food since urban land is sometimes expensive and highly sought after for other uses.

Promotion of urban agriculture in India:

• In 2008, the city of Pune's civic authority started a city farming program to teach and inspire residents to start farming on allotted land.

• The Kerala government started a program in 2012 to promote vegetable growing in homes, schools, and public and private institutions.
• Additionally, it provided help and subsidies for biogas plants, irrigation, compost, and eco-friendly inputs.
• For city inhabitants to grow vegetables on rooftops, homes, and apartment buildings as part of its Urban Horticulture Development Scheme, the Tamil Nadu government introduced a "do-it-yourself" kit in 2014.
• Through subsidies for input prices, Bihar has promoted terrace gardening in five smart cities since 2021.

Step to be focused:

• Investment: Additional study on urban agriculture can help address some of the major issues and offer fresh perspectives on the most effective methods for cultivating food in cities.

• Encourage Community Engagement: Building support, bringing resources together, and promoting sustainability are all possible with community involvement, which is essential for the success of urban farming.
• Governments and other organizations can promote urban agriculture by implementing policies that foster the expansion and advancement of urban agricultural programs.

Way Forward

• Integrating all efforts to promote urban farming is the key.

• Making urban agriculture feasible is necessary.
• Urban farming can serve as a buffer for urban inhabitants against inflation, weather vulnerabilities, and disasters like COVID-19, but it cannot support a big population. Early efforts can produce a sustainable system before additional villages become urban.

Snakebites in India

• According to recent research by the Kerala Forest Department, snakebites cause nearly twice as many human fatalities as wild elephants.

More on the news:

• According to an Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) study, India has seen an estimated 12 lakh snakebite deaths since 2000, or an average of 58,000 each year.
• India is responsible for over 50% of all snakebite deaths worldwide.
• The monsoon season, which lasts from June to September, saw the occurrence of half of all snakebite deaths.
• The following States: Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat saw almost 70% of deaths occur in low-lying, rural areas.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) designated snakebite envenoming (poisoning from snake bites) as a high-priority neglected tropical disease.

Challenges:

• Ineffective medical care is caused by a lack of awareness, inadequate knowledge of snakebite avoidance, and a lack of first aid in the community.
• More deaths are caused by peripheral healthcare professionals, delays in receiving life-saving assistance, and a lack of skilled medical officials for managing snakebites.
• Phobias surrounding snake bites: The general public has incorrect ideas about how to recognize dangerous snakes and snakebites. Belief in a snake god, or the power of magnets or tamarind seeds to lessen the effects of the venom.
• No government healthcare facility has any Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials on the identification of venomous and non-venomous snakes, prevention, first aid, or treatment of snakebites.

Solution:

• Snake Safe Harvest Practices: Rural farmers and their families are the main recipients of snake bites. The risk of snakebites could be decreased by focusing on specific locations and educating people about easy techniques like "snake-safe" harvesting procedures, which involve wearing rubber boots and gloves, mosquito netting, and rechargeable torches (or mobile phone flashlights).
• Database of Snake Species: Identification of venomous and nonvenomous snake species would benefit from habitat information, quality pictures, and geographic distribution in the form of a snake database.
• India has the necessary resources to produce vast quantities of anti-venom. However, only the spectacled cobra, common krait, Russell's viper, and saw-scaled viper's venoms are neutralized by Indian anti-venoms, leaving 12 other snake species that can cause lethal bites unaffected.

How is Indian antivenin made?

• The "Big Four" snakes of India—viper, Russell's Common Krait, Indian Cobra, and Saw-scaled viper—are the source of the antivenom.

• However, 80% of the polyvalent antivenom produced in India is taken from snakes seized in a single Tamil Nadu district, ignoring the variety of venoms found in other species.
• For instance, whereas the same species from Arunachal Pradesh possessed cytotoxins in its venom, the West Bengali monocled cobra's venom primarily comprises neurotoxins.
• A poison that affects the neurological system is a neurotoxin. Cytotoxins cause a body's cells to die.

Actions taken:

• Included in the curriculum of state public health department training institutions in India are the management of snakebites, the requirement for short-term training for medical graduates during their internship, and the induction training for new employees of state health services.

• The Union government will incorporate snakebite prevention in a nationwide program.
• A multi-sectoral strategy of community education and healthcare facility capacity building to lower mortality and morbidity from snakebite envenoming in India.
• Anti Snake Venom (ASV), the first stage of treatment, is now readily available in every village-level health center in rural India.
• Even the WHO set a 2030 goal to reduce death and suffering from snakebites in half.

5th Khelo India Youth Games

• The fifth Khelo India Youth Games 2022 was opened by the Union Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs at the Tatya Tope Nagar Stadium in Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal).

• In 27 sports competitions, almost 6000 athletes from all over the nation will compete for more than 900 medals.
• The Khelo India Youth Games will feature fencing, canoe slalom, kayaking, and canoeing for the first time.
• This edition's subject is "Hindustan Ka Dil Dhadka Do."
• Under the name Khelo India School Games, the Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) were launched in 2018. These competitions are designed to identify and develop local athletic talent and prepare them for regional, national, and worldwide competitions.
• KIYG is a component of the redesigned "Khelo India" national program for sports development, which the Union Cabinet approved in 2017.
• The Khelo India Scheme aims to promote sports across the nation, enabling the populace to tap into the power of sports through its multifaceted benefits, including the holistic development of children and youth, community development, social integration, gender equality, healthy lifestyle, national pride, and economic opportunities related to sports development.
• Under the Scheme, eight years of annual financial aid in the amount of Rs. 5 lakh are given to talented athletes in priority sports disciplines at various levels.