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02 Dec, 2021
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Recently, the NITI Aayog has released “Accelerating Progress On Nutrition In India: What Will It Take”.
It is the third progress report on the National Nutrition Mission or the Poshan Abhiyaan.
Key features
The third progress report (October 2019-April 2020) takes into account the status on the ground and implementation challenges encountered at various levels through large scale datasets.
These datasets are the NFHS-4 and Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS).
According to the report, India’s targets are conservative on stunting as compared to the global target defined by the World Health Assembly (WHA). It is a prevalence rate of 5% of stunting as opposed to India’s goal of reducing stunting levels to 13.3% by 2022.
The targets of reducing prevalence levels of anaemia among pregnant women from 50.3% (2016) to 34.4% (2022) and among adolescent girls from 52.9% (2016) to 39.66% are also considered to be conservative as compared to the WHA’s target of halving prevalence levels.
In the wake of the pandemic, experts warn that deepening poverty and hunger may delay achieving the goals defined under the Mission.
Suggestions by the NITI Aayog:
On Stunting: (1) To improve complementary feeding using both behaviour change interventions and complimentary food supplements in the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS); (2) To work towards investments in girls and women; (3) To improve water, sanitation, handwashing with soap and hygienic disposal of children’s stools.
On Wasting: (1) To include interventions that go beyond the treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and also address moderate wasting; (2) To scale-up to reach facility-based treatment of SAM; (3) To urgently release a full strategy for prevention and integrated management of wasting nationally.
On Anaemia: To scale-up scenario that focuses only on health sector interventions which will achieve modest improvements in anaemia among women of reproductive age.
National Nutrition Mission ( 2018)
Objectives of National Nutrition Mission:
To improve nutritional outcomes for children, pregnant women and lactating mothers.
It is backed by a National Nutrition Strategy prepared by the NITI Aayog with the goal of attaining “Kuposhan Mukt Bharat” or malnutrition-free India, by 2022.
Aims:
To reduce stunting, undernutrition, anaemia and low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively; (2) To address the problem of malnutrition in a mission mode.
50% of the total budget comes from the World Bank or other multilateral development banks and the rest of the 50% is through the Centre’s budgetary support.
The Centre’s budgetary support is further divided into 60:40 between the Centre and the States, 90:10 for the north-eastern region and the Himalayan States and 100% for the Union Territories (UTs) without legislature.
Source: PIB
With a view to attracting investment, boost employment generation and positioning itself strongly in the global textile market, the Government has approved the setting up of 7 (Seven) PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks in Greenfield/Brownfield sites including plug and play facility with an outlay of Rs. 4445 cr for a period of seven years upto 2027-28.
Source: PIB
About Census 2021
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While the usefulness of the Census cannot be disregarded, for instance with regard to the delimitation exercise, there is a lack of depth where some issues are concerned. In this context, the discussion around caste and its enumeration have been controversial.
Socio Economic Caste census (SECC):An Expert Group under the Chairmanship of former Finance Secretary Sumit Bose was constituted to study the objective criteria for allocation of resources to States and identification and prioritization of beneficiaries under various programme using Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) data. The committee has recently submitted its report to the ministry of rural development (MoRD) and has recommended the use of SECC data for all government schemes instead of the below poverty line (BPL) data.
What is SECC? (Prelims)
7 Criterias used in SECC (PT Pointers)
Findings of SECC: (Data important for Mains and Essay)A total of 24.39 Crore households were surveyed. Out of those, 91 Crore were rural households.
On Literacy
Women Empowerment
Transgenders (Prelims)
Importance of SECC:
Drawbacks of SECC
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Apart from themes specific to enumerating caste, there are other issues that the Census and the SECC in particular face.
Source: PIB
Agroforestry is a collective name for land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) are deliberately used on the same land-management units as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence.
There are three main types of agroforestry systems:
Source: PIB
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