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Monthly DNA
01 Jan, 2024
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MoEFCC is the nodal agency for planning, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of India’s environmental and forestry policies and programmes.
Updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
About |
First NDC in 2015 |
Updated NDC |
Emission intensity of its GDP |
To reduce 33-35% from 2005 levels |
To reduce 45% by 2030 from 2005 levels |
Non fossil fuel based energy |
40% |
To achieve 50% by 2030 |
These two targets have been achieved well ahead of the time.
Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)
Spearheaded by the UAE in partnership with Indonesia, MAC was launched at the COP27 Summit in Egypt to scale up and accelerate the conservation and restoration of the mangrove forests. Mangrove Alliance for Climate (MAC):
Mangroves:
Mangroves in India:
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Green Credit Program
Green Credits Initiative?
Features of Green Credits Initiative:
About Green Credit Programme:
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Ecomark Scheme
Mission LiFE (Lifestyle For Environment)
It is an environment conscious lifestyle with the motto “Mindful and Deliberate Utilisation, instead of Mindless and Destructive Consumption”.
Phases- Each phase requires a fundamental shift in our approach towards sustainability.
India Cooling Action seeks to:
The following benefits would accrue to the society over and above the environmental benefits:
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50 years of Project Tiger
International Big Cat Alliance
International Big Cat Alliance India has proposed to launch a mega global alliance under its leadership to protect big cats.
Members - Membership to the alliance will be open to 97 “range” countries, as well as other interested nations, organisations, etc. Focus - IBCA will focus on the rehabilitation and conservation of the seven big cats namely tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, pumas, jaguars and cheetahs.
Funding - For the first 5 years, IBCA will be supported by India’s “total grant assistance” of $100 million.
Big cats in India - India is the only country in the world to have tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards and cheetahs in the wild.India has all the big cats, except the pumas and jaguars. Similar Initiative - CITES Big Cat Task Force |
CITES Big Cat Task Force CITES COP19 has proposed a tentative budget of $150,000 for the Task Force which will be secured by external funding from the United States.
Functions of Big Cats Task Force
Membership of the Task Force
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Indira Parayavaran Bhawan
India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021
Aspects |
Top 3 States |
Area-wise largest forest cover |
Madhya Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Chhattisgarh |
Forest cover as % of total geographical area |
Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya |
Increase in forest cover |
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Odisha |
The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has released the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021. What is the India State of Forest Report?
What are the key findings? Total forest and tree cover of the country is 80.9 million hectare, which is 24.62% of the geographical area of the country. Increase in forest cover
o 21.7% in 2020 o 21.6% in 2019.
Decrease in forest cover
How the growth varies across different kinds of forests?
What explains the decline in the North eastern states?
o a spate of natural calamities, particularly landslides and heavy rains o anthropogenic activities such as shifting agriculture, pressure of developmental activities and felling of trees. What is the concern?
What else does the report cover?
o tiger corridors has increased by 37.15 sq km (0.32%), o tiger reserves has decreased by 22.6 sq km (0.04%).
What will be the impact due to climate change?
o In 2019-20 - 1.2 lakh o In 2020-21 - 3.4 lakh.
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PARIVESH 2.0
Ramsar Sites
As of March 2024, there are 80 Ramsar Sites in India.
List of Ramsar sites in India
S.No. |
Ramsar Sites in India |
State – Location |
1 |
Ashtamudi Wetland |
Kerala |
2 |
Beas Conservation Reserve |
Punjab |
3 |
Bhitarkanika Mangroves |
Odisha |
4 |
Bhoj Wetlands |
Madhya Pradesh |
5 |
Chandra Taal |
Himachal Pradesh |
6 |
Chilika Lake |
Odisha |
7 |
Deepor Beel |
Assam |
8 |
East Kolkata Wetlands |
West Bengal |
9 |
Harike Wetlands |
Punjab |
10 |
Hokera Wetland |
Jammu & Kashmir |
11 |
Kanjli Wetland |
Punjab |
12 |
Keoladeo National Park |
Rajasthan |
13 |
Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve |
Punjab |
14 |
Kolleru lake |
Andhra Pradesh |
15 |
Loktak lake |
Manipur |
16 |
Nalsarovar Bird sanctuary |
Gujarat |
17 |
Nandur Madhameshwar |
Maharashtra |
18 |
Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary |
Punjab |
19 |
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary |
Uttar Pradesh |
20 |
Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary |
Uttar Pradesh |
21 |
Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
22 |
Pong Dam lake |
Himachal Pradesh |
23 |
Renuka lake |
Himachal Pradesh |
24 |
Ropar Wetland |
Punjab |
25 |
Rudrasagar Lake |
Tripura |
26 |
Saman Bird Sanctuary |
Uttar Pradesh |
27 |
Samaspur Bird Sanctuary |
Uttar Pradesh |
28 |
Sambhar lake |
Rajasthan |
29 |
Sandi Bird Sanctuary |
Uttar Pradesh |
30 |
Sarsai Nawar Jheel |
Uttar Pradesh |
31 |
Sasthamkotta lake |
Kerala |
32 |
Surinsar-Mansar lakes |
Jammu & Kashmir |
33 |
Tsomoriri |
Ladakh |
34 |
Upper Ganga river |
Uttar Pradesh |
35 |
Vembanad Kol Wetland |
Kerala |
36 |
Wular lake |
Jammu & Kashmir |
37 |
Sunderban Wetland |
West Bengal |
38 |
Asan Barrage (Asan Conservation Reserve) |
Uttarakhand |
39 |
Kanwar Taal or Kabartaal Lake (Kabartal Wetland) |
Bihar, Begusarai |
40 |
Sur Sarovar Lake |
Uttar Pradesh, Agra district |
41 |
Lonar Lake |
Maharashtra, Buldhana district |
42 |
Tso Kar Wetland Complex |
Ladakh, Leh district |
43 |
Sultanpur National Park |
Gurugram, Haryana |
44 |
Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary |
Jhajjar, Haryana |
45 |
Thol Lake Wildlife Sanctuary |
Mehsana, Gujarat |
46 |
Wadhwana Wetland |
Vadodara, Gujarat |
47 |
Haiderpur Wetland |
Uttar Pradesh |
48 |
Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary |
Gujarat |
49 |
Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary |
Uttar Pradesh |
50 |
Karikili Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
51 |
Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest |
Tamil Nadu |
52 |
Pichavaram Mangrove |
Tamil Nadu |
53 |
Sakhya Sagar |
Madhya Pradesh |
54 |
Pala Wetland in Mizoram |
Mizoram |
55 |
Koothankulam Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
56 |
Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve |
Tamil Nadu |
57 |
Vembannur Wetland Complex |
Tamil Nadu |
58 |
Vellode Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
59 |
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
60 |
Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
61 |
Satkosia Gorge |
Odisha |
62 |
Nanda Lake |
Goa |
63 |
Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary |
Karnataka |
64 |
Sirpur Wetland |
Madhya Pradesh |
65 |
Tampara Lake |
Odisha |
66 |
Hirakud Reservoir |
Odisha |
67 |
Ansupa Lake |
Odisha |
68 |
Yashwant Sagar |
Madhya Pradesh |
69 |
Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
70 |
Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex |
Tamil Nadu |
71 |
Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
72 |
Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
73 |
Thane Creek |
Maharashtra |
74 |
Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve |
Jammu and Kashmir |
75 |
Shallbugh Wetland Conservation Reserve |
Jammu and Kashmir |
76 |
Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve |
Karnataka |
77 |
Aghanashini Estuary |
Karnataka |
78 |
Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve |
Karnataka |
79 |
Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
80 |
Longwood Shola Reserve Forest |
Tamil Nadu |
IPBES
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Ramsar Convention is a convention on wetlands that was signed in 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar. The negotiations for the convention started in the 1960s by the different countries and NGOs for the protection of wetland habitats of migratory waterbirds. Finally, it came into force in 1975.
February 2 is celebrated as International Wetlands Day as the Ramsar Convention was signed on February 2, 1971.
The Ramsar Convention works with the collaboration of the following organizations:
Under the “three pillars” of the Convention, the Contracting Parties commit to:
List of wetlands recently added to the Ramsar Sites |
|
Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary |
Tamil Nadu |
Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve |
|
Vembannur Wetland Complex |
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Vellode Bird Sanctuary |
|
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary |
|
Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary |
|
Nanda Lake |
Goa |
Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary |
Karnataka |
Sirpur Wetland |
Madhya Pradesh |
Satkosia Gorge |
Odisha |
Keoladeo National Park (in Rajasthan) and Chilika lake (in Odisha) were the 1st two sites to be placed on the Ramsar list by India.
Amrit Dharohar Yojana has been launched for conservation of Ramsar sites through community participation.
Government Initiatives for Wetland Conservation |
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Ramsar Sites in India
Forest (Conservation) Amendment) Act, 2023
Blue flag beaches
National Clean Air Program
Mission Circular Economy
Cheetah Reintroduction in India
G20 INDIA PRESIDENCY 2023
Initiatives to promote circular bio economy |
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The Global Land Initiative, also known as the G20 Global Land Initiative, is an initiative to prevent, stop, and reverse land degradation. The initiative's goal is to reduce degraded land by 50% by 2040. In November 2020, G20 leaders launched the initiative, which is implemented through the Initiative Coordination Office (ICO) under the UNCCD's oversight. The ICO is guided by the Initiative Steering Committee, which consists of G20 members, the UNCCD's Secretariats, FAO, UNEP, non-member countries, and other institutions that contribute to the ICO's work. |
The Gandhinagar Implementation Roadmap (GIR) and the Gandhinagar Information Platform (GIP)
Objective and Ambition of the Gandhinagar Implementation Roadmap The roadmap seeks to enhance, on a voluntary basis, mutual collaboration among participating countries to accelerate ecological/ecosystem restoration of the identified landscapes. The initiative has 2 key objectives:
Ambition Participating countries, on a voluntary basis resolve to:
Gandhinagar Information Platform – An enabler for implementation of the GIR Overall Objective of the Gandhinagar Information Platform The platform shall display progress on the voluntary ambitions of the GIR and act as an information sharing hub for policies, best practices and actions. The platform will also foster collaboration between the nodal institutions/experts/organization while showcasing traditional and indigenous knowledge on ecological/ecosystem restoration of the identified landscapes and adopting a solutions approach to enable affordable, replicable and flexible solutions for the improvement of global restoration efforts. Initiative scope and activities The GIP will enable the operationalization of the GIR in the following ways –
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Gangster Goldy Brar, the mastermind behind the murder of Punjabi singer Sidhu Moosewala, was declared a designated terrorist by the Centre under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).
UAPA
The UAPA aims to prevent unlawful activities and terrorist activities in the country.
Terrorist Act - Any act committed with intent to threaten or likely to threaten the unity, integrity, security, economic security, sovereignty of India or any section of the people in India or in any foreign country.
2019 Bill - Originally only covering organizations that engage in terrorism, the Act was amended in 2019 to allow the government to designate individuals as terrorists too.
The designation of an individual as a global terrorist by the United Nations is associated with sanctions including travel bans, freezing of assets and an embargo against procuring arms, however, the 2019 amendment did not provide any such detail.
Appeal - Under the amendment, the central government set up a review committee comprising a chairperson (a retired or sitting judge of a High Court) and three other members.
Satinderjit Singh, popularly known as Goldy Brar has become the 56th person to be named an individual terrorist under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967.
Individual Terrorists
An individual who is convicted in a terror case is legally referred to as a terrorist, while those suspected of being involved in terrorist activities are referred to as terror accused.
India is poised to establish a National Maritime Domain Awareness Centre (NMDAC) in response to emerging threats in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
NMDAC
Objective - The primary objective of the NMDAC is to meticulously gather, analyze, and provide actionable intelligence to address maritime challenges.
BEL - Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a defense public sector undertaking, is entrusted with the responsibility of providing all the requisite hardware and software necessary for the NMDAC.
IMAC
IFC-IOR - In the case of the IFC-IOR, the center presently has 12 International Liaison Officers, with plans to increase this number to 40 by 2025-26.
Functions of the IMAC -
Indian Ocean Region (IOR)
Sea Turtle
Turtles in India
Need to protect Sea Turtles
What is the need to protect Sea Turtles?
Sea Turtle Project
What is the Sea Turtle Project?
Olive Ridley Turtles At least 8 Olive Ridley turtles wash ashore dead along Chennai’s southern coast.
The mass nesting event is known as an arribada, meaning “arrival by sea” in Spanish. It is found only in the genus Lepidochelys which includes the Kemp's ridley and olive ridley sea turtles
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Efforts To Protect Sea Turtles in India
World Sea Turtle Day
Members - NCDFI members include federal dairy cooperatives of states and union territories.
Tehreek-e-Hurriyat Jammu Wa Kashmir is a separatist political party in Jammu and Kashmir, India founded by Syed Ali Shah Geelani.
Surya Namaskar or sun salutation is an ancient Yogic practice of paying respect to the rising sun and comprises different postures or Asanas.
Checkout portals of many e-commerce websites, mobile applications and even banks now offer an option of paying later. BNPL is a short-term credit facility extended by banks directly or retailers (through their tie-ups with banks and NBFCs), that allow consumers to defer payment on their purcha
Kilonova explosions from neutron star collisions could explain how Earth got gold. When some type of massive stars die, the nuclear fusion process that fuels them stops. This forms an ultra-dense and neutron rich star. A neutron star is the remnant of a collapsed supergiant star that wa
Experts have termed the zombie deer disease a slow-moving disaster and have urged governments to prepare for the possibility of it spreading to humans. The deadly and infectious chronic wasting disease (CWD), also known as zombie deer disease, affects cervids, which are deer, elk, caribou
IT service provider HCL Technologies has shared that it was hit by a ransomware incident within a restricted cloud environment. What is a ransomware? Ransomware – It is an extortion software designed to lock or encrypt a device or data on a system and then&nbs
Recently, the Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023, was passed in the Lok Sabha that seeks to repeal the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867. Why was this Bill brought in? Objective - To remove the legacy of the British Raj. The 1867 Act exercise complete contr
ASI assures to send note to UNESCO over inclusion of Srimukhalingam temple in Andhra Pradesh in world heritage structures’ list. Avatar - Sri Mukha Lingam Shiva temple is very old temple where Shiva lingam is appeared as Mukha (Face) Avatar. Generally, Shiva lingams do not have t
A stone deity worshipped by the Bhils in Madhya Pradesh’s Bagh was recently proved to be a fossilized dinosaur egg. Just like their ancestors worshipped ancient stones as deities, generations of Bhils had worshipped this sunbaked, reddish-brown Kakad Bhairav or Bhilat Baba. Sacrifices
Mount Everest-sized Devil comet hurtling in Earth’s direction could explode today. Pons-Brooks Comet - Comet 13P/Pons-Brooks, also called the Devil Comet, is about the size of Mount Everest and it is hurtling towards Earth. After an outburst in July, scientists believe that the co
No human probe has travelled much beyond the Solar System, yet we are able to measure distances across billions of light-years. The space beyond Earth is so incredibly vast that units of measure, which are convenient in everyday lives, can become gigantic. Distances between the planets, and
RBI’s move to consolidate the scattered laws on connected lending is welcome. CL refers to persons who are in the position to control the decision of the lender. CL is the extension of credit to individuals or firms connected through ownership or the ability to exert control, whether d
President gives assent to 3 Criminal Law amendment bills, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam. What are the significant take aways from the new act? Addition – 20 new offences have been added. De
NASA’s telecommunications network and navigation system, Deep Space Network, celebrated its 60th anniversary on December 24. Initiative by - Deep Space Network (DSN) is an initiative of NASA started in the year 1963. Operated by - The DSN is operated by NASA’s Jet Propu
The Nicobar pigeon is hailed as one of the most beautiful pigeons in the world. Habitat - It is native to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Malay Archipelago and some islands of Micronesia. Features - It is draped in a colorful plumage, with hues of green, blue, yellow and coppe
The United Nations has declared 2024 as the International Year of Camelids. Objective - It aims to build awareness of the untapped potential of camelids and to call for increased investment in the camelid sector, and the use of innovative practices and technologies. The decisio
Researchers have developed a new electronics soil that was found to increase the growth of barley seedlings by 50%. It is a novel method of soilless gardening or hydroponics using an electrically conductive growing medium. In hydroponic environments, eSoil is a low-power bioelectronics
Recently, World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a pressing, albeit underappreciated, global health threat ‘loneliness’ in its report. What is loneliness? Definition – It is largely understood to be “the unpleasant experience that occurs when a perso
Recently, India’s National Security Adviser (NSA), took part in the 6th NSA meeting of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) which agreed upon a road map for the year 2024. What is Colombo Security Conclave? It is a regional security grouping initially known as the Trilateral
A separate ministry for culture was established in 2006. Primary mandate- Preservation and conservation of ancient cultural heritage and promotion of tangible and intangible art and culture. Union Minister- Shri G. Kishan Reddy WORLD HERITAGE SITES New Inclusion- Santinik
Scientists have discovered a new method to fight cancer using aminocyanine molecules. Aminocyanine molecules - These aminocyanine molecules are termed molecular jackhammers. These molecules show a remarkable capability to break apart cancer cell membranes when stimulated by near infrare
Thousands of sardine fish surface near Goa beach, experts call it ‘rare’ event, known as Sardine Run. Shoals of the marine species are fluttering in shallow waters along the coast at Keri-Terekhol, on the Goa-Maharashtra border. Shoals are a large group of fish that feed and s
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